正确使用抗生素有助现代医学

 　　UNITED NATIONS, Nov. 20 (Xinhua) -- Using antibiotics² correctly will help conserve³ an essential part of modern medicine, the World Health Organization (WHO) director-general's special representative for antimicrobial resistance said.

　　"A world without antibiotics would look very different to the world we live in now," said Keiji Fukuda in a recent interview with Xinhua. "We count on antibiotics for basically all of modern medicine, people get infected and we expect that they can treat it and get cured."

　　"Using (antibiotics) in the right way is the way that we conserve what we have."

　　Interview: Using antibiotics correctly will help conserve modern medicine: WHO expert

　　Antibiotics are an important safety net which make surgery, and even giving birth, less dangerous, said Fukuda. Antibiotics are also important for people with chronic⁴ illnesses, such as cancer or diabetes⁵, who are much more prone⁶ to infections, he added.

　　However, antibiotics are not effective against viruses, which means they should not be used to treat colds and flus, he said.

　　This is just one of many misunderstandings about antibiotics which are contributing to antibiotic¹ resistance, as shown in a recent WHO survey, which found that 61 percent of people surveyed in China think, incorrectly, that colds and flus can be treated by antibiotics .

　　"Antimicrobial resistance is something that really develops quite quickly when people don't use antibiotics in the right way," said Fukuda.

　　"So when large numbers of people are taking antibiotics either for reasons or diseases which are not going to get better with antibiotics -- or if they are taking them in the wrong way -- they are helping⁷ resistance develop more quickly."

　　The WHO survey also found that 53 percent of the respondents in China wrongly believed that they could stop taking antibiotics when they felt better, rather than taking the full course as directed.

　　Taking the full course is another important way to prevent bacteria from becoming resistant⁸ to antibiotics, said Fukuda.

　　"When your doctor gives you an antibiotic and tells you how long to take it, he or she is giving it to you so that you have a chance of completely getting rid of the bacteria which are causing whichever illness you have," he said.

　　"When you stop taking the antibiotics sometimes the illness is not cured and those leftover⁹ bacteria become resistant and so that's one of the ways that you begin to increase antimicrobial resistance."

　　Fukuda said that many different sectors¹¹ will have to work together to address antimicrobial resistance, including the health sector¹⁰ and the agriculture sector.

　　In some countries, if not in many, he said, more antibiotics are used in animals than in people. The antibiotics are often used to help animals grow and people who eat these animals are exposed to antibiotics often without knowing it. Animals can also develop bacteria which are resistant and can spread this resistance to people, he said.

　　Fukuda welcomed a new joint¹² fund recently launched by China and Britain to address antibiotic resistance.

　　"It's really a very welcome development that China and the United Kingdom both recognize in order to deal with antibiotic resistance we are going to need resources," he said.

　　Nov. 16-22 is the first-ever World Antibiotic Awareness¹³ Week.

1 antibiotic   

adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素

参考例句：

• The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
• Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。

2 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

3 conserve   

vt.保存，保护，节约，节省，守恒，不灭

参考例句：

• He writes on both sides of the sheet to conserve paper.他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。
• Conserve your energy,you'll need it!保存你的精力，你会用得着的！

4 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

5 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

6 prone   

adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的

参考例句：

• Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
• He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

9 leftover   

n.剩货，残留物，剩饭；adj.残余的

参考例句：

• These narrow roads are a leftover from the days of horse-drawn carriages.这些小道是从马车时代沿用下来的。
• Wonder if that bakery lets us take leftover home.不知道那家糕饼店会不会让我们把卖剩的带回家。

10 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

11 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

12 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

13 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。