高中英语人教版高一下18

[00:05.38]Lesson 81
[00:09.14]1.Dialogue
[00:13.37]Yang Mei is having a talk with her teacher Sara about learning¹ English.
[00:20.04]How are you getting on with your English lessons?
[00:24.58]Quite well,thank you.
[00:27.74]My grammar is improving,but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn.
[00:35.00]In what way?
[00:37.77]Well,for example,you can"have a cold",but first you have to "catch a cold".
[00:44.12]That's right."Catch a cold" is something you do;
[00:49.45]"have a cold" is something you have.
[00:53.60]That's difficult!
[00:56.66]Not really.Often the little words have meanings of their own.
[01:02.22]Do you know the story of the woodcutter?
[01:05.85]I don't think so.
[01:08.70]A man was walking through a wood and he came across a woodcutter.
[01:14.16]"What are you doing?"he asded.The woodcutter replied:
[01:19.33]"I'm going to cut this tree down."
[01:22.99]The next day he walked through the wood again.
[01:26.83]The woodcutter was standing² next to a fallen tree,
[01:31.30]with lots of small pieces of wood in front of him.
[01:35.84]"What are you doing?"he asked."I'm cutting this tree up,"answered the woodcutter.
[01:43.11]Lesson 82  Reading
[01:54.78]Read the passage to answer these questions:
[01:59.22]1.Which foreign languages did Marx study?
[02:04.79]2.What work did Marx do?
[02:09.85]HOW MARX LEARNED³ FOREIGN LANGUAGES
[02:14.90]Karl Marx was born in Germany,and German was his native language.
[02:20.85]When he was still a young man,
[02:24.51]he was forced to leave his homeland for political⁴ reasons.
[02:29.47]He stayed in Belgium for a few years;then he went to France.
[02:34.33]Before long he had to move on again.
[02:38.59]In 1849,he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.
[02:46.16]Marx had learned some French and English at school.
[02:50.61]When he got to England,he found that his English was too limited.
[02:55.96]He started working hard to improve it.
[03:00.22]He made such rapid progress
[03:04.29]that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper.
[03:11.06]In fact,his English in one of these articles
[03:15.81]was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it.
[03:22.06]Marx wrote back to say that Engels'praise had greatly encouraged him.
[03:28.43]However,he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things
[03:34.99]the grammar and some of the idioms.
[03:39.43]These letters were written in 1853.
[03:44.18]In the years that followed,Marx kept on studying english and using it.
[03:50.43]When he wrote one of his great words,The Civil War in France,
[03:56.28]he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English
[04:03.25]In the 1870s,when Marx was already in his fifties,
[04:09.00]he found it important to study the situation in Russia,
[04:14.17]so he began to learn Russian.
[04:18.32]At the end of six months
[04:21.77]he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian.
[04:27.02]In one of his books,Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
[04:35.10]He said when people are learnign a foreign language,
[04:39.75]they should not translate everything into their own language.
[04:44.60]If they do this,it shows they have not mastered it.
[04:49.67]When they use the foreign language,
[04:53.33]they should try to forget all ablut their own.
[04:57.69]If they cannot do this,
[05:00.93]they have not really learned the spirit of the foreign language
[05:06.70]and cannot use it freely⁵.
[05:10.47]Lesson 83  1.Reading
[05:21.93]MORE INFORMATION ABOUT KARL MARX
[05:26.50]Karl Marx was born on May 5th,1818 in Germany.
[05:33.27]He went to high school and then continued his studies at a university.
[05:39.44]He received his doctor's degree in April 1841.
[05:45.31]In 1842 Marx began writing articles for a newspaper.
[05:51.87]He wrote articles on many subjects.
[05:55.81]For example,he wrote about housing⁶ problems of the poor people
[06:01.40]and the hard life of the peasants⁷.
[06:05.24]He started a new programme called "communism⁸".

[06:09.79]This new kind of political idea was supported by the working people,
[06:15.95]but hated by many governments.
[06:19.72]He and his wife had to move form one country to another.
[06:24.76]During the 1840s,Marx met Engels,another revolutionary writer,
[06:31.24]and they became close friends.
[06:34.71]Together they wrote The Communist⁹ Manifesto¹⁰.
[06:39.57]It closed with words that quickly became famous:
[06:44.61]"Working people of all countries,unite!"

1 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

2 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

3 learned   

adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。

4 political   

adj.政治上的，政党的，政略性的，政治的

参考例句：

• He was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.因为政治原因他被迫离开自己的祖国。
• In ideas those two political parties are worlds apart.那两个政党在思想上有巨大分歧。

5 freely   

adv.自由地，随便地，无拘无束地

参考例句：

• She was unable to keep back her tears,and wept freely.她抑制不住泪水，痛痛快快地哭了起来。
• A liquid flows freely and has no fixed shape.液体能自由流动，无固定形态。

6 housing   

n.房屋，住宅；住房建筑；外壳，外罩

参考例句：

• Do you think our housing sales will turn around during this year?你认为今年我们的住宅销路会好转吗？
• The housing sales have been turning down since the summer.入夏以来，房屋的销售量日趋减少。

7 peasants   

农民(复数)

参考例句：

• the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 1381年的农民起义
• They advised the peasants on how to use the machine. 他们指导农民如何使用这台机器。

8 communism   

n.共产主义；Communism:共产主义学说，共产主义制度

参考例句：

• Lei Feng devoted himself to the cause of communism.雷锋把一生献给了共产主义事业。
• Communism is based on Marxism.共产主义是以马克思主义为基础。

9 communist   

n.共产主义者，共产党员；adj.共产主义的，共产党员的

参考例句：

• In the following year he joined the Communist Party.第二年他入了共产党。
• The People's Daily is the organ of the Chinese Communist Party.《人民日报》是中国共产党的党报。

10 manifesto   

n.宣言，声明

参考例句：

• I was involved in the preparation of Labour's manifesto.我参与了工党宣言的起草工作。
• His manifesto promised measures to protect them.他在宣言里保证要为他们采取保护措施。