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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
[00:02.69]美国
[00:05.38]READING THE AMERICAN SOUTH
[00:07.67]阅读 美国南部
[00:09.95]Ever since the Civil War,
[00:11.73]自内战以来，
[00:13.51]the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past.
[00:16.98]南方一直在努力寻找来解决他们不平静的过去的办法。
[00:20.45]The history of the South is one of suffering:
[00:22.64]南方史就是一部苦难史：
[00:24.82]the suffering of the Native Americans who were killed
[00:27.30]遭遇杀害或被欧洲殖民者
[00:29.78]or driven off their land by European settlers;
[00:32.10]从他们的土地上赶走的土著人的苦难；
[00:34.43]the pains of slaves brought from Africa by greedy slave traders;
[00:37.85]被贪婪的贩卖奴隶的商人从非洲带来的奴隶所遭受的痛苦；
[00:41.27]the death and poverty of the Civil War;
[00:43.64]战争年代的死亡与贫穷；
[00:46.00]the hardships of unemployment and civil unrest in the post-war years
[00:49.68]在战后年代和经济萧条时期的失业以及
[00:53.37]and the Great Depression;
[00:54.99]国内的动乱造成的苦难。
[00:56.61]the many sacrifices of the Civil Rights Movement.
[00:59.18]民权运动中很多人的牺牲。
[01:01.75]The wounds are slow to heal1 and the scars2 run deep.
[01:04.59]创伤在慢慢消除，但心中的创伤却愈积愈深。
[01:07.42]Even today,the South is far behind the rest of the United States
[01:10.80]即使现在，南方在教育和经济发展方面远远落后于美国其它地方。
[01:14.19]in areas such as education and economic development.
[01:20.35]But the story of the South is also one of hope and success.
[01:23.33]但南方史又是一部充满希望和成功的历史。
[01:26.31]There are sings that a new,different South is coming out of its dark past.
[01:29.89]有迹象表时一个崭新的南方正在崛起。
[01:33.47]Atlanta,Georgia,is a good example.
[01:35.84]佐治亚州的亚特兰大就是一个很好的例证。
[01:38.22]Like many of its sister cities in the South,
[01:40.70]像南方的很多姐妹城市一样，
[01:43.18]Atlanta was burnt down in the Civil War.
[01:45.61]亚特兰大在美国内战中被烧毁。
[01:48.04]The city was destroyed and there was no money for reconstruction3.
[01:51.22]这座城市被摧毁得无钱重建。
[01:54.39]In fact,when the new mayor4 of Atlanta started working in 1864,
[01:57.77]实际上，亚特兰大市市长在1864年开始上任时，
[02:01.16]the city and had only$1.64.
[02:04.03]这个城市仅有1。64美元。
[02:06.90]The post-war years were hard
[02:08.94]战后的年代是艰难的，
[02:10.98]and the people of Atlanta struggled to rebuild the city
[02:13.71]但亚特兰大的人民努力重建这个城市，
[02:16.44]and create a new South where former slaves and slave-owners could live together.
[02:20.16]使 昔日的奴隶和奴隶主能够和平共处。
[02:23.88]Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction5 caused by the Civil War.
[02:26.86]亚特兰大从美国内战所造成的毁灭中很快复苏。
[02:29.84]In only five years,
[02:31.72]在仅仅五年中，
[02:33.60]most of the city had been rebuilt and Atlanta began to grow again.
[02:36.77]这个城市的绝大部分建筑开始重建，亚特兰大女开始发展。
[02:39.95]Despite the hardships of the post-war years and the Great Depression,
[02:43.12]尽管有战后年代及萧条时期的艰难因苦，
[02:46.30]the people of Atlanta continued to develop the area,
[02:49.08]亚特兰大的人们继续在经济、社会方面
[02:51.86]both economically and socially.
[02:53.99]发展这个地区。
[02:56.12]There were signs that the new Atlanta would be different;
[02:58.60]有迹象表时新的亚特兰大将会不同：
[03:01.08]Atlanta's African-American community grew
[03:03.42]亚特兰大的非洲籍美国人的集居开始发展，
[03:05.76]and black businesses became more successful.
[03:08.09]黑人的商业更加成功。
[03:10.43]It was also in Atlanta
[03:12.51]民权运动的伟大领袖，
[03:14.59]that one of the great leaders of the Civil Rights Movement,
[03:17.07]马丁.路德.金博士，也正是出生在亚特兰大。
[03:19.55]Dr Martin Luther King,Jr,was born.
[03:24.59]Dr King grew up in a city where nearly half the population was black,
[03:27.97]金博士是在黑人几乎占一半人口的城市长大的，
[03:31.36]but where segregation6 took away many of their rights.
[03:34.30]但在那里种族隔离剥夺了他们的很多权利。
[03:37.23]The injustices7 in the city
[03:39.06]这个城市以及南方的不公正做法迫使
[03:40.89]and in the South led Dr King to organise8 non-violent demonstrations9
[03:44.52]金组织了旨在结束这种隔离的非暴力游行。
[03:48.15]aimed at ending segregation.
[03:52.23]The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites
[03:55.61]这坐城市在二十世纪六十年代经历了一系列的黑人与白人之间的战争。
[03:58.99]in the 1960s and Dr King was shot and killed in 1968.
[04:02.82]1968年，金博士中弹身亡。
[04:06.65]His funeral was shown on television and millions of Americans watched
[04:10.03]当人们在亚特兰大游行以纪念金博士时，
[04:13.41]as people marched through Atlanta in honour of Dr King.
[04:16.50]他的葬礼在电视上播放，数百万美国人观看了电视。
[04:19.58]Dr King's efforts were not in vain,however.
[04:22.15]然而金的努力并非徒劳。
[04:24.72]Segregation eventually disappeared and a new dawn seemed to arrive.
[04:28.30]黑人与白人的隔离逐渐消失，新的曙光逐渐来临。
[04:31.88]Slowly but surely,Atlanta was becoming a successful city
[04:35.02]慢慢地但很确定的是，
[04:38.15]proud of its cultural diversity.
[04:40.28]亚特兰大渐渐成了一个为其多元广化而自豪的成功城市。
[04:42.41]In 1996,the city was the host of the Olympic Games,
[04:45.68]1996年，这座城市成了奥运会的举办城市，
[04:48.94]an honour the city shares with great cities such as Sydney and Beijing.
[04:52.32]这是一种与悉尼、洛杉矶等名城共同分享的荣誉。
[04:55.71]During the Olympic Games,the eyes of the world were on Atlanta
[04:58.74]在奥运会期间，世人瞩目亚特兰大，
[05:01.77]and the city was proud to display its new image.
[05:04.29]这个城市很自豪地展现了其新形象。
[05:06.81]Modern Atlanta is a booming10 business centre
[05:09.38]现代亚特兰大是一个繁荣的商业中心和
[05:11.95]and the home of some of the largest and most successful companies in America.
[05:15.08]一些美国最大最成功的公司的所在地。
[05:18.20]Like many other Southern cities,
[05:20.12]与其它许多南方城市一样，
[05:22.04]Atlanta is representative of the new South,
[05:24.56]亚特兰大是美国南部的典型代表，
[05:27.08]a place where hope and faith have replaced fear and doubt.
[05:30.50]一个希望与诚实取代了昔日的恐惧与疑虑的地方。
[05:33.92]The South still has many problems to deal with,
[05:36.50]南方仍有很问题需要解决，
[05:39.07]but the people there are determined11 to make a new beginning.
[05:41.75]但那里的人们决定重新开始。
[05:44.42]Today,the South is known for its friendly atmosphere,
[05:47.21]而今，南方因其热情而著名，
[05:49.99]and Atlanta,Birmingham,Miami,and Little Rock are once again
[05:53.57]亚特兰大、伯明翰、迈阿密及小石城
[05:57.15]becoming commercial and cultural centres of the nation.
[06:00.03]再一次成为这个国家的商业中心和文化中心。
[06:02.92]INTEGRATING SKILLS
[06:06.04]综合技巧
[06:09.16]Reading THE BISON ON THE PLAINS OF AMERICA
[06:11.94]阅读 美洲平原上的野牛
[06:14.73]The first settlers on the plains of America were Native Americans.
[06:17.61]美洲平原上的首批定居者是美洲士著人。
[06:20.50]They arrived more than 30,000 years ago
[06:22.93]他们是在3万年以前从亚洲跨越一座陆桥来到美洲的。
[06:25.36]by crossing a land bridge from Asia to America.
[06:30.22]The Native Americans lived by gathering12 roots,
[06:32.49]美洲土著人靠采集根、坚果、
[06:34.76]nuts and wild fruit and hunting wild animals.
[06:37.60]野牛和狞猎为生。
[06:40.43]They hunted bison,a type of wild animals which
[06:45.39]used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America.
[06:48.27]他们猎杀野牛，这种野牛以前是成群结队地生活在美洲平原上的。
[06:51.14]The bison grows to a shoulder-height of 1.5 metres
[06:54.03]野牛可以长到肩高1.5米，
[06:56.91]and can weight 1,100 kilogrammes.
[06:59.54]重达1，100公斤。
[07:02.16]It was an important part of Native Americans'life.
[07:04.58]野牛是美洲土著人赖以生活的重要部分。
[07:07.00]Bison were killed for their meat,
[07:08.92]他们杀野牛，吃野牛肉，
[07:10.84]while their fur provided13 warm clothing during cold winters.
[07:13.62]用野牛毛制成冬季御寒的衣服。
[07:16.40]The Native Americans made tents and water containers
[07:19.18]美洲土著人用牛皮制作帐篷
[07:21.97]from the skins and tools from the bones.
[07:24.04]和装水的容器，
[07:26.12]The teeth were used to make necklaces
[07:28.20]牙齿用来做项链。
[07:30.27]From about 1830 onwards in the USA,European settlers began to move westwards.
[07:34.40]美国自1830年起，加拿大从1870年左右起，殖民者开始向西迁移。
[07:38.53]Large groups of Native Americans
[07:40.50]成批的美洲土著人被迫从他们原来的狞猎场迁走。
[07:42.47]were forced to move away from their old hunting grounds.
[07:47.23]When they resisted,they were killed.
[07:49.20]他们反抗时就被杀害。
[07:51.17]There were many fierce wars between Native Americans and European settlers.
[07:54.19]美洲土著人和欧洲殖民者之间发生了很多激烈的战争。
[07:57.20]The American government made agreements with Native American chiefs
[08:00.03]殖民者同美洲土著人的首领达成了协议，
[08:02.85]but always broke them afterwards.
[08:04.77]但是随后又总是把这些协议撕毁。
[08:06.69]In this way,Native Americans were forced onto poor land
[08:09.72]就这样，
[08:12.75]that the settlers did not want.
[08:14.58]美洲土著人被赶到殖民者所不想要的贫瘠的土地上去了。
[08:16.40]The settlers built railways across the plains and began to hunt even more bison.
[08:19.94]殖民者在平原上修起了铁路，于是开始猎取更多的野牛。
[08:23.48]While early settlers had killed bison for food,
[08:25.81]早期的殖民者只是以杀野牛为食，
[08:28.13]now the killing14 became more widespread.
[08:30.35]这时屠野牛就更为广泛了。
[08:32.57]They killed the bison,cut off the skins and left the bodies behind to rot.
[08:35.75]他们把野牛杀死剥皮，尸体就任其腐烂。
[08:38.92]The bison skins were sent by rail to cities to be sold.
[08:41.86]野牛皮用炎车运到城里出售。
[08:44.80]Between 1850 and 1910 the bison poppulation
[08:47.78]在1850年到1910处之间，
[08:50.76]is thought to have fallen from 60 million to just a few hundred.
[08:53.98]野牛的头数从6，000万头降到只有几百头了。
[08:57.21]The killing of the bison changed the whole wildlife of the plains.
[08:59.78]屠宰野牛改变了平原上的全部野牛生物。
[09:02.35]With fewer bison,grass shoots were not eaten,
[09:04.84]野牛少了，嫩草没有牛吃了，
[09:07.32]so grass did not grow as strongly.
[09:09.30]草就长得不粗壮。
[09:11.29]Bison waste no longer fell on the ground to improve to soil,
[09:14.37]地上不再有野牛的粪便来改良土壤了。
[09:17.45]which as a result became less good for growing plants.
[09:20.18]结果用于植物生长的土壤变得不够肥沃了。
[09:22.91]The ground supported fewer plants,
[09:24.89]地上的长和植物少了。
[09:26.86]and the insects which lived on these plants died out.
[09:29.48]生活在这些植物上的昆虫就消亡了。
[09:32.11]Thee was less food for birds and also for the prairie dog,
[09:34.69]供鸟吃的食物少了，供草原犬鼠吃的食物少了。
[09:37.28]a kind of animal which lives in holes in the ground.
[09:42.14]This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.
[09:45.01]这样又影响了狼的食物供应。
[09:47.89]Thus one simple fact,a change in the number of bison,
[09:51.01]因此，出现了这样一个简单的事实
[09:54.13]had an effect on the whole wildlife chain of the plains.
[09:57.00]野牛数目的变化对平原的整个野牛生生物链都产生了影响。
[09:59.88]Integrating Skills
[10:09.23]Reading The Trail of Tears
[10:13.96]For thousands of years,Native Americans lived as hunters in North America.
[10:20.62]there were millions of people,with many different cultures,
[10:26.57]religions and languages.
[10:30.33]In 1492,Columbus arrived in America
[10:35.69]and soon after the first European settlers followed.
[10:41.96]Native Americans were either killed or driven off their land
[10:48.02]and many died of diseases15 that the newcomers brought to the continent.
[10:54.08]Over the next three hundred years,
[10:58.34]ninety percent of America's original population
[11:03.90]was killed by wars,diseases or starvation.
[11:09.47]The white settlers wanted their land,
[11:13.91]and the Native Americans could not protect their homes and farms.
[11:19.78]From around 1790 to 1830,
[11:25.14]Native American tribes17 tried to solve the problem with the US government.
[11:31.49]Several agreements were reached,
[11:35.46]but the government broke its promises almost every time.
[11:40.60]Finally,by the 1830s,the government decided18 to remove the Native Americans
[11:48.36]from their own land to make room for European settlers.
[11:53.82]One by one,the Native American tribes were moved west.
[11:59.99]Indians who resisted were killed.
[12:04.06]One of the best-known examples of the hardships suffered by the Native Americans
[12:10.72]is the sad story of the Cherokee tribe16.
[12:15.40]The Cherokees lived in the southeast of the United States.
[12:20.65]They lived by farming,hunting and fishing
[12:25.30]and had been able to adapt to modern society.
[12:30.34]The Cherokees had built homes and farms,
[12:35.17]developed a written language and made their own laws.
[12:40.82]Despite their hard work,the Cherokees were not treated fairly.
[12:47.37]When the government began driving the Ntive Americans away,
[12:53.02]the Cherokees were among the last to go.
[12:58.06]In 1838,the government began putting Cherokee men,
[13:04.54]women and children in camps and made them walk a thousand miles.
[13:11.30]The winter was cold and there was not much food.
[13:16.58]About 4,000 Cherokees died during the march,
[13:22.04]which became known as the "Trail of Tears" or "the trail where they cried".
[13:29.40]In the years that followed,
[13:32.88]Native Americans lived through one of the darkest times in their history.
[13:38.63]By the end of the nineteenth century,
[13:42.78]only some 250,000 Native Americans had survived.
[13:48.84]Their culture and way of life had been destroyed,
[13:53.80]their land had been taken away from them,
[13:57.96]and they were not given the rights most other Americans enjoyed.
[14:03.73]Most of the Native Americans were forced to live in special places,
[14:09.66]called "reservations",often in poor areas with few resources,
[14:16.42]given to them by the government.
[14:20.37]Few Native Americans were able to get an education and many lived in poverty.
[14:27.34]In the twentieth century,Native Americans began to gather strength again.
[14:33.69]The Civil Rights Movement was succeeding and some of the basic rights
[14:39.93]were given to Native Americans for the first time in history.
[14:45.26]Their culture and history were included in school history books
[14:51.22]and some of the languages began to be taught again.
[14:55.90]Much had been lost and destroyed over the past 300 years,
[15:02.14]but the spirit of the Native Americans had not been broken.
[15:08.02]Today,Native Americans are beginning to receive the respect they deserve19
[15:14.68]and their culture is recognized as an important part of merican history.
[15:20.92]In 2004,a National Museum was opened to honor20 the first Americans
[15:28.08]and to remind us all not only of the pain and suffering caused
[15:34.56]by the Trail of Tears and other sad times,
[15:39.42]but also of the joy,beauty and strength of Native American culture and history.
[15:46.68]The Trail of Tears has not been forgotten.
[15:51.43]In fact,the terrible march has created a beautiful story,
[15:57.88]that of the Cherokee Rose.According to the story,
[16:03.24]the tears of the Cherokee mothers turned into flowers as they fell to the ground.
[16:10.40]The flower,a rose,is white as the tears and has a gold center,
[16:17.06]representing the gold that was taken from the Cherokee lands.
[16:23.01]The rose has seven leaves,
[16:26.10]one for each group of Cherokees that marched on the Trail of Tears.
[16:32.76]The flower still grows along the trail
[16:37.49]and it is now the state flower of Georgia
收听单词发音 |
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heal
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| v.使愈合，治愈，使康复；平息(争吵等)；消除，解决(分支等) | |
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scars
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| n.伤痕( scar的名词复数 )；精神上的创伤；有损外观的地方；裸岩 | |
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reconstruction
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| n.重建，再现，复原 | |
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mayor
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| n.市长 | |
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destruction
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| n.破坏，毁灭，消灭 | |
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segregation
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| n.隔离，种族隔离 | |
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injustices
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| 不公平( injustice的名词复数 )； 非正义； 待…不公正； 冤枉 | |
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organise
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| vt.组织，安排，筹办 | |
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demonstrations
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| 证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威 | |
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booming
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| adj.急速发展的v.激增( boom的现在分词 )；猛涨；发出隆隆声；以低沉有力的声音说话 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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provided
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| conj.假如，若是；adj.预备好的，由...供给的 | |
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killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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diseases
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| n.疾病( disease的名词复数 )；弊端；恶疾；痼疾 | |
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tribe
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| n.部落，种族，一伙人 | |
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tribes
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| n.部落( tribe的名词复数 )；（动、植物的）族；（一）帮；大群 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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deserve
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| vt.应受，值得；vi. 应受报答，值得受赏 | |
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honor
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| n.光荣；敬意；荣幸；vt.给…以荣誉；尊敬 | |
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