2018年经济学人 民粹主义政策:对移民强硬是对是错(2)

 

Boys born in London's Chelsea can expect to live nearly nine years longer than those born in Blackpool.

出生在伦敦切尔西的孩子可以期望比出生在布莱克普尔的孩子多活接近9年。

Opportunities are limited for those stuck in the wrong place, and the wider economy suffers.

对于身陷错误地区的人而言，机会是有限的，而涉及面更广的经济体却深受其害。

If all its citizens had lived in places of high productivity over the past 50 years, America's economy could have grown twice as fast as it did.

如果其全体公民在过去的半个世纪中都居住在高生产力地区，美国经济可能会以两倍之快的速度增长。

Divergence¹ is the result of big forces.

差异是几大力量的结果。

In the modern economy scale is increasingly important.

在现代经济中，规模愈发重要。

The companies with the biggest hoards² of data can train their machines most effectively; the social network that everyone else is on is most attractive to new users; the stock exchange with the deepest pool of investors³ is best for raising capital.

拥有最大数据储备的公司能够最有效地训练它们的机器；其他人都在上面的社交网络最吸引新用户；拥有最深的投资者蓄水池的股票交易所最利于筹集资金。

These returns to scale create fewer, superstar firms clustered in fewer, superstar places.

这些规模的回报在越来越少的、超级明星般的地区造就出越来越少的、超级明星般的公司。

Everywhere else is left behind.

剩下的地区被落在了后面。

Even as regional disparities widen, people are becoming less mobile.

在地区差异拉大的同时，人们正变得少了不那么流动了。

The percentage of Americans who move across state lines each year has fallen by half since the 1990s.

自上世纪90年代以来，每年都跨州流动的美国人的比例下降了一半。

The typical American is more footloose than the average European, yet lives less than 30 kilometres from his parents.

一般而言，美国人比普通欧洲人更能够四海为家，然而他们却住在离父母不到30公里的地方。

Demographic shifts help explain this, including the rise in two-earn-er households and the need to care for ageing family members.

人口变化有助于解释这一点，以及双职工家庭和对照顾上了年纪的家庭成员的需求的增加。

But the bigger culprit is poor policies.

但是，更大错误是糟糕的政策。

Soaring housing costs in prosperous cities keep newcomers out.

富裕城市中飞涨的住房成本将新人拒之门外。

In Europe a scarcity⁴ of social housing leads people to hang on to cheap flats.

在欧洲，社会住房的稀缺导致人们困守廉价公寓。

In America the spread of state-specific occupational licensing⁵ and government benefits punishes those who move.

在美国，州里所特有的职业注册与政府福利惩罚的是流动之人。

The pension of a teacher who stays in the same state could be twice as big as that of a teacher who moves mid-career.

呆在同一个州里的教师的养老金可能是在执教期间四处流动的教师的两倍之多。

1 divergence   

n.分歧，岔开

参考例句：

• There is no sure cure for this transatlantic divergence.没有什么灵丹妙药可以消除大西洋两岸的分歧。
• In short,it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values.总之，这一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。

2 hoards   

n.（钱财、食物或其他珍贵物品的）储藏，积存( hoard的名词复数 )v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She hoards her money - she never spends it. 她积蓄钱，但从来不花钱。 来自辞典例句
• A squirrel hoards nuts for the winter. 松鼠为过冬贮藏坚果。 来自辞典例句

3 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

4 scarcity   

n.缺乏，不足，萧条

参考例句：

• The scarcity of skilled workers is worrying the government.熟练工人的缺乏困扰着政府。
• The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.水果供不应求是由于干旱造成的。

5 licensing   

v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句