2018年经济学人 移民:分离焦虑(1)

 

Immigration: Separation anxiety

移民：分离焦虑

When immigration policies clash with values, the values usually win.

当移民政策与价值观冲突时，通常价值观会胜出。

In Texas an infant is separated from his mother by the federal government to deter¹ others from coming.

在德克萨斯州，联邦政府将一名婴儿与其母亲隔离开，以此警戒阻止其他人非法来到德克萨斯州。

In the Mediterranean² a boat with some 630 migrants on board is prevented from docking at an Italian port,

在地中海，载着630位移民的一艘船被禁止在意大利港停靠，

and Italy's deputy prime minister seeks to boost his popularity by threatening to expel Roma people.

意大利副总理通过威胁驱逐罗姆人来提高自己的支持率。

In Berlin a coalition³ government may fall over how to handle immigration.

在柏林，联合政府可能会因为如何处理移民问题而垮台。

These things might looks eparate; in fact they are connected.

这些事情可能看起来各不相关，实际上声气相应。

The failure to gain political consent for immigration has been implicated⁴ in the biggest upheavals⁵ in the West:

移民未能获得政治认可和西方大的动乱密不可分：

Brexit, Donald Trump⁶'s victory, the grip Viktor Orban has over Hungary, the rise of the Northern League in Italy.

英国脱欧、特朗普大选胜出、欧尔班·维克托对匈牙利的铁腕统治、意大利北方联盟崛起。

All these events have pushed politics in a direction that is worrying for those who prefer their markets free and their societies open.

这些事件驱导的政治方向，不利于希望市场自由、社会开放的国家发展。

This creates a painful trade-off.

这就导致了令人痛心的妥协。

Resist the demands for more brutal⁷ immigration enforcement,

抵制更残酷的移民执法的要求，

and electorates⁸ may keep voting for candidates who thrive on blaming foreigners for everything.

选民可能继续给喜欢将一切不如意归咎于外国人的候选人投票。

Accept the solutions proposed by the likes of Mr Trump or Mr Orban,

接受特朗普或欧尔班等人提出的方案，

and Western societies will offend against their fundamental values.

西方国家将会违背其基本价值观。

Take the White House's approach, which resulted in 2,342 children being separated from their families last month.

以美国政府的做法为例，上月有2342名儿童与家长隔离。

To use children's suffering as a deterrent⁹ was wrong.

通过让儿童受苦而起到威慑的效果是错误的。

It is the sort of thing that will one day be taught in history classes alongside the internment¹⁰ of Japanese-Americans during the second world war.

这种事情总有一天会和二战期间被拘留的日裔美国人一道成为历史课本的内容。

To argue that the administration had to act in this way to uphold the law is false.

辩称“政府必须以这种方式维护法律”是错误的。

Neither George W. Bush nor Barack Obama, who deported¹¹ many more people annually¹² than Mr Trump, resorted to separations.

无论是乔治·W·布什还是贝拉克·奥巴马，每年驱逐的人比特朗普还要多，但都没有采取隔离孩子和家长的政策。

To claim it was necessary to control immigration is dubious¹³.

声称有必要控制移民是不可信的。

In 2000 the government stopped 1.6m people crossing the southern border;

2000年，美国政府阻止了160万人跨越美国南境；

in 2016, when Mr Trump was elected, the numbers had fallen by 75%.

2016年特朗普当选时，这个数目已经下降了75%。

Deterrence¹⁴ no doubt played its part, but prosperity and a lower birth rate in Mexico almost certainly mattered more.

威慑无疑发挥了作用，但在墨西哥，经济繁荣但出生率却很低却意味着更多。

No wonder, after a publicoutcry, Mr Trump abandoned the policy.

难怪在公众强烈抗议后，特朗普放弃了这一政策。

1 deter   

vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住

参考例句：

• Failure did not deter us from trying it again.失败并没有能阻挡我们再次进行试验。
• Dogs can deter unwelcome intruders.狗能够阻拦不受欢迎的闯入者。

2 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

3 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

4 implicated   

adj.密切关联的；牵涉其中的

参考例句：

• These groups are very strongly implicated in the violence. 这些组织与这起暴力事件有着极大的关联。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Having the stolen goods in his possession implicated him in the robbery. 因藏有赃物使他涉有偷盗的嫌疑。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 upheavals   

突然的巨变( upheaval的名词复数 )； 大动荡； 大变动； 胀起

参考例句：

• the latest upheavals in the education system 最近教育制度上的种种变更
• These political upheavals might well destroy the whole framework of society. 这些政治动乱很可能会破坏整个社会结构。

6 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

7 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

8 electorates   

全体选民( electorate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The assembly's 15 seats have electorates as small as 190. 大会的15个议席只有很少的190选民参加。
• Restricting hedge funds is something they can sell to their electorates. 限制对冲基金是他们能够向选民兜售的东西。

9 deterrent   

n.阻碍物，制止物；adj.威慑的，遏制的

参考例句：

• Large fines act as a deterrent to motorists.高额罚款是对开车的人的制约。
• I put a net over my strawberries as a deterrent to the birds.我在草莓上罩了网，免得鸟歇上去。

10 internment   

n.拘留

参考例句：

• Certainly the recent attacks against the internment camps are evidence enough. 很明显，最近营地遭受到的攻击就是一个足好的证明。 来自互联网
• The chapters on the internment are Both readaBle and well researched. 这些关于拘留的章节不仅具可读性而且研究得很透彻。 来自互联网

11 deported   

v.将…驱逐出境( deport的过去式和过去分词 )；举止

参考例句：

• They stripped me of my citizenship and deported me. 他们剥夺我的公民资格，将我驱逐出境。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The convicts were deported to a deserted island. 罪犯们被流放到一个荒岛。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 annually   

adv.一年一次，每年

参考例句：

• Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
• They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。

13 dubious   

adj.怀疑的，无把握的；有问题的，靠不住的

参考例句：

• What he said yesterday was dubious.他昨天说的话很含糊。
• He uses some dubious shifts to get money.他用一些可疑的手段去赚钱。

14 deterrence   

威慑，制止； 制止物，制止因素； 挽留的事物； 核威慑

参考例句：

• An extreme school of "disarmers" pronounced stable deterrence was a dangerous deception. “裁军论者”中的极端派声称，稳定的威摄是一种危险的骗局。
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。