2019年经济学人 宗教政治:穆斯林回归本土(1)

 

Leaders

社论

The politics of religion

宗教政治

Muslims are going native

穆斯林回归本土

Islam in the West is experiencing a little-noticed transformation¹

西方的伊斯兰教正在经历一场鲜为人知的变革

Islam frightens many in the West. Jihadists kill in the name of their religion. Some Muslim conservatives believe it lets them force their daughters to marry. When asked, Westerners say that Islam is the religion they least want their neighbours or in-laws to follow. Bestselling books such as “The Strange Death of Europe”, “Le Suicide Fran?ais” and “Submission” warn against the march of Islam.

伊斯兰教让许多西方人感到害怕。圣战分子以宗教的名义杀人。一些穆斯林保守派认为，这让他们可以强迫自己的女儿结婚。当被问及这个问题时，西方人说伊斯兰教是他们最不希望邻居或姻亲遵循的宗教。诸如《欧洲奇怪之死》《法国自杀》和《屈服》等畅销书都对伊斯兰教的发展提出了警告。

Fear of terrorism, not least the danger that jihadists returning from Syria will cause bloody² havoc³ at home, and the rise of antiimmigrant populism are leading governments to try to control Muslims. President Donald Trump⁴ has banned travellers from some Muslim-majority countries; France and other states have banned Muslim head- or face-coverings.

对恐怖主义的恐惧，尤其是圣战分子从叙利亚回国可能在国内造成血腥破坏的危险，以及反移民民粹主义的兴起正导致各国政府试图控制穆斯林。美国总统唐纳德?特朗普禁止来自一些穆斯林占多数的国家的游客；法国和其他国家已禁止穆斯林戴头巾或面罩。

However, Western Islam is undergoing a little-noticed transformation. As our special report this week sets out, a natural process of adaptation and assimilation is doing more than any government to tame the threat posed by Islamic extremism. The first generation of Muslim workers who migrated to the West, starting in the 1950s, did not know how long they would stay; their religious practices directed by foreign-trained imams were tied to those of their countries of origin. The second generation felt alienated⁵, caught between their parents’ foreign culture and societies whose institutions they found hard to penetrate⁶. Frustrated⁷ and belonging nowhere, a few radicals⁸ turned to violent jihad.

然而，西方伊斯兰教正在经历一场鲜为人知的变革。正如我们本周特别报道所述，适应和同化的自然过程比任何政府都更有助于遏制伊斯兰极端主义的威胁。从20世纪50年代开始，第一代移民到西方的穆斯林工人不知道他们会在那里呆多久；他们由外国训练的伊玛目指导的宗教活动与他们的原籍国的宗教活动有联系。第二代移民感到疏离，夹在父母的外国文化和他们难以融入的社会制度之间。一些激进派由于灰心丧气、没有归属感，转而诉诸暴力圣战。

1 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

2 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

3 havoc   

n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱

参考例句：

• The earthquake wreaked havoc on the city.地震对这个城市造成了大破坏。
• This concentration of airborne firepower wrought havoc with the enemy forces.这次机载火力的集中攻击给敌军造成很大破坏。

4 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

5 alienated   

adj.感到孤独的，不合群的v.使疏远( alienate的过去式和过去分词 )；使不友好；转让；让渡（财产等）

参考例句：

• His comments have alienated a lot of young voters. 他的言论使许多年轻选民离他而去。
• The Prime Minister's policy alienated many of her followers. 首相的政策使很多拥护她的人疏远了她。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 penetrate   

v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解

参考例句：

• Western ideas penetrate slowly through the East.西方观念逐渐传入东方。
• The sunshine could not penetrate where the trees were thickest.阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。

7 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 radicals   

n.激进分子( radical的名词复数 )；根基；基本原理；[数学]根数

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals. 一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The worry is that the radicals will grow more intransigent. 现在人们担忧激进分子会变得更加不妥协。 来自辞典例句