2019年经济学人 巴托比专栏:男人的世界(2)

 

When their performance is reviewed, Ms Criado Perez argues that women are criticised for being bossy¹,

当评论她们的表现时，克里亚多·佩雷斯争辩称，女性因专横、

abrasive² or strident, whereas men are encouraged to be more aggressive.

冷酷或严厉而受批评，而男性却被鼓励要更好斗一些。

But if women are warm and friendly, they get criticised for being insufficiently³ professional.

但如果女性温柔友善，她们又会因不够专业而受批评。

Women's physical health, too, may be affected⁴ by male-dominated design. Their bodies absorb chemicals more quickly than men's do.

女性的身体健康也受到男性主宰设定的影响。她们的身体吸收化学物品的速度比男性快。

The long-term effects of inhaled⁵ particles on (mostly male) miners have been studied extensively;

吸入颗粒对旷工（大部分为女性）的长期影响已被广泛研究；

those of cleaning products on (mostly female) cleaners have not.

而清洁用品对清洁工（大部分为女性）的研究却没有。

In construction and engineering, tools and safety jackets are designed for male hands and bodies, not female ones.

在建筑和工程业，工具和安全夹克都是按照男性手掌和身材设计的，不是女性。

Bulletproof and stabproof jackets are also designed for men and thus do not fit women comfortably;

防弹夹克和防刺夹克也都是为男性设计的，因此不太适合女性穿着；

a British police officer removed her jacket so she could use a hydraulic⁶ ram⁷ to enter a flat, only to be stabbed and killed.

一名英国警官脱下了她的警服，这样她就可以用水锤泵进入公寓，结果却被捅死了。

Many men do not realise there is a problem. Those who believe they are objective when recruiting

很多男性没有意识到有问题。但那些自认为在招聘时很客观的人

are nevertheless more likely to hire another man than a woman with identical qualifications, as a paper from 2007 showed.

更可能雇佣另一名男性而不选择一名同等条件的女性，如2007年的一份论文所述。

A similar issue is apparent with race, as Jennifer Eberhardt, a professor at Stanford University,

同样的问题也出现在种族上，如斯坦福大学教授珍尼弗·爱伯哈特

describes in her book "Biased⁸: The New Science of Race and Inequality".

在她的作品《Biased: The New Science of Race and Inequality》一书中所述。

An American study showed that candidates with blacksounding names get fewer callbacks than those with traditional European names.

一项美国研究表明，名字听起来像黑人的候选人得到回复的机会比那些拥有传统欧式名字的人要少。

Even highly qualified⁹ African-Americans received fewer calls for interview than whites with lesser¹⁰ qualifications.

即便是高学历的非裔美国人收到面试通知的几率也比资历不高的白人要少。

White people with a criminal record received as many callbacks from employers as black people who had never committed an offence.

有案底的白人收到雇主反馈的几率和没有案底的黑人一样多。

And this was true whether or not the company described itself as an "equal opportunity employer".

不论公司是否称自己的是一家“机会平等的公司”都是如此。

It is natural if you have succeeded in work to assume this was down to your own merits.

如果你在工作中取得了成功，你自然会认为这都是你自己的功劳。

But the existence of hidden biases¹¹ shows that the playing field is not level.

但隐藏偏见的存在表明竞争环境不公平。

As both authors argue, preventing discrimination depends not on white men discovering their inner liberal

正如两位作者所言，防止歧视不取决于白人男性发现了他们的内心自由

but on decisions being taken by those with broader perspectives.

而是取决于那些拥有更广阔视角的人所采取的决定。

If every executive carries a hammer, it might not occur to them that some jobs need a screwdriver¹².

如果每个高管都拿着一把锤子，他们可能不会想到一些工作需要一把螺丝刀。

1 bossy   

adj.爱发号施令的，作威作福的

参考例句：

• She turned me off with her bossy manner.她态度专橫很讨我嫌。
• She moved out because her mother-in-law is too bossy.她的婆婆爱指使人,所以她搬出去住了。

2 abrasive   

adj.使表面磨损的；粗糙的；恼人的

参考例句：

• His abrasive manner has won him an unenviable notoriety.他生硬粗暴的态度让他声名狼藉。
• She had abrasions to her wrists where the abrasive rope had scraped her.她的手腕有多出磨伤，那是被粗糙的绳子擦伤的。

3 insufficiently   

adv.不够地，不能胜任地

参考例句：

• Your insurance card is insufficiently stamped. 你的保险卡片未贴足印花。 来自辞典例句
• Many of Britain's people are poorly dressed, badly housed, insufficiently nourished. 许多英国人衣着寒伧，居住简陋，营养不良。 来自互联网

4 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

5 inhaled   

v.吸入( inhale的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She closed her eyes and inhaled deeply. 她合上双眼，深深吸了一口气。
• Janet inhaled sharply when she saw him. 珍妮特看到他时猛地吸了口气。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 hydraulic   

adj.水力的；水压的，液压的；水力学的

参考例句：

• The boat has no fewer than five hydraulic pumps.这艘船配有不少于5个液压泵。
• A group of apprentics were operating the hydraulic press.一群学徒正在开动水压机。

7 ram   

(random access memory)随机存取存储器

参考例句：

• 512k RAM is recommended and 640k RAM is preferred.推荐配置为512K内存，640K内存则更佳。

8 biased   

a.有偏见的

参考例句：

• a school biased towards music and art 一所偏重音乐和艺术的学校
• The Methods: They employed were heavily biased in the gentry's favour. 他们采用的方法严重偏袒中上阶级。

9 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

10 lesser   

adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地

参考例句：

• Kept some of the lesser players out.不让那些次要的球员参加联赛。
• She has also been affected,but to a lesser degree.她也受到波及，但程度较轻。

11 biases   

偏见( bias的名词复数 )； 偏爱； 特殊能力； 斜纹

参考例句：

• Stereotypes represent designer or researcher biases and assumptions, rather than factual data. 它代表设计师或者研究者的偏见和假设，而不是实际的数据。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• The net effect of biases on international comparisons is easily summarized. 偏差对国际比较的基本影响容易概括。

12 screwdriver   

n.螺丝起子；伏特加橙汁鸡尾酒

参考例句：

• He took a screwdriver and teased out the remaining screws.他拿出螺丝刀把其余的螺丝卸了下来。
• The electric drill can also be used as a screwdriver.这把电钻也可用作螺丝刀。