2019年经济学人 一周要闻 日本德仁天皇即位 IS领导人罕见露面 阿根廷举行全国罢工

 

The world this week

本周要闻

Politics

政治

Juan Guaidó, who is recognised as interim¹ president of Venezuela by many democracies, appeared outside an air-force base in Caracas and urged the armed forces to overthrow² the socialist³ dictatorship of Nicolás Maduro. Leopoldo López, an opposition⁴ figure kept under house arrest by the regime, appeared with Mr Guaidó after being freed by security personnel. America reiterated⁵ its support for Mr Guaidó. Backed by Russia and Cuba, Mr Maduro said he had defeated an attempted coup⁶. Amid more protests, Mr Guaidó called for strikes to topple the government.

胡安·瓜伊多(Juan Guaido)被许多民主国家承认为委内瑞拉临时总统，他现身加拉加斯的一个空军基地，呼吁军队推翻尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)的社会主义独裁统治。被当局软禁的反对派人物莱奥波尔多·洛佩兹(Leopoldo Lopez)在被安全人员解救后与瓜伊多一同现身。美国重申了对瓜伊多的支持。得到俄罗斯和古巴支持的马杜罗表示，他挫败了一起未遂政变。在更多的抗议活动中，瓜伊多呼吁民众罢工来推翻政府。

Unions staged a national strike in Argentina to protest against the austerity policies of Mauricio Macri, the president. Mr Macri’s popularity has taken a dive of late, and he is up for re-election in October. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, a spendthrift populist ex-president, could unseat him, a prospect⁷ that scares investors⁸.

阿根廷工会举行全国罢工，抗议毛里西奥·马克里(Mauricio Macri)的紧缩政策。最近，马克里的支持率大幅下降，他将于10月竞选连任。挥霍无度的民粹主义前总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔(Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner)可能会将他赶下台，这一前景令投资者感到恐慌。

China sentenced a Canadian citizen to death for drug-trafficking. It is the second time this year a Canadian has received a death sentence in China. Some observers think this is in reprisal⁹ for Canada arresting the finance director of Huawei, a Chinese telecoms-equipment company.

中国以贩卖毒品罪判处一名加拿大公民死刑。这是今年第二次加拿大人在中国被判死刑。一些观察家猜想，这是对加拿大逮捕中国电信设备公司华为财务总监的回应。

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of Islamic State, appeared in a video for the first time since proclaiming the creation of a caliphate across parts of Iraq and Syria five years ago. (He has been heard in audio recordings¹⁰ since then.) In the new video Mr Baghdadi notes his group’s defeat at Baghuz, its last stronghold in Syria, but vows¹¹ to fight on.

“伊斯兰国”(Islamic State)领导人阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪在一段视频中出境，这是他五年前宣布在伊拉克和叙利亚部分地区建立哈里发国以来首次出现在视频中。(自那时起，他的声音只在录音中出现。)在这段新视频中，巴格达迪提到了其组织在巴格兹的失败，这是该组织在叙利亚的最后一个据点，但他发誓要继续战斗。

The White House said it was working towards designating the Muslim Brotherhood¹² as a terrorist organisation¹³. The decision would bring sanctions on what was once the world’s pre-eminent Islamist movement. Egypt’s president, Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, who toppled a Brotherhood-led government in 2013, reportedly requested the move.

白宫表示，正在努力将穆斯林兄弟会定性为恐怖组织。这一决定将对曾经世界上最杰出的伊斯兰组织实施制裁。据报道，埃及总统阿卜杜勒-法塔赫塞西(Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi)要求采取这一行动。2013年，塞西推翻了由穆斯林兄弟会领导的政府。

The IMF said Iran’s GDP would contract by 6% this year, caused in large part by American sanctions on Iranian oil exports. Annual inflation could reach 37%, the fund warned. The crisis is fuelling popular discontent with the government and ruling clerics.

国际货币基金组织表示，由于美国对伊朗石油出口的制裁，伊朗今年的GDP将下降6%。国际货币基金组织警告称，年通胀率可能达到37%。这场危机加剧了民众对政府和执政的神职人员的不满。

The African Union extended a deadline imposed on coup leaders in Sudan to hand power to a civilian¹⁴ administration. The military junta¹⁵ was initially¹⁶ given 15 days. This has been extended by another 60 days.

非洲联盟延长了苏丹政变领导人将权力移交给文职政府的最后期限。军政府最初被给予15天的时间。但是这一期限又被延长了60天。

China dropped its objection to a proposal in the un to list Masood Azhar, the leader of a Pakistani jihadist group, as a terrorist. This allowed the un to declare sanctions on Mr Azhar, including the freezing of his assets and a travel ban. His group, Jaish-e-Muhammad, claimed responsibility for a suicide-bombing that killed 40 soldiers in Indian-administered Kashmir in February. China had previously¹⁷ opposed such sanctions, apparently¹⁸ in deference¹⁹ to Pakistan, a close ally.

中国不再反对联合国将巴基斯坦圣战组织头目马苏德列为恐怖分子的提议。这使得联合国能够宣布对马苏德的制裁，包括冻结其资产和旅行禁令。他的组织“穆罕默德军”(Jaish-e-Muhammad)宣称对今年2月在印控克什米尔发生的一起自杀式炸弹袭击负责。中国此前反对此类制裁，显然是出于对亲密盟友的尊重。

Akihito, the emperor of Japan, abdicated²⁰. He was succeeded by his son, Naruhito. Akihito won acclaim²¹ during his 30-year reign²² for apologising for Japan’s misdeeds in the second world war.

日本明仁天皇退位。其子皇太子德仁继承了他的王位。明仁天皇在30年的统治期间为日本在二战中的错误行为道歉，此举赢得了赞誉。

1 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

2 overthrow   

v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆

参考例句：

• After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后，这个国家处于混乱中。
• The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。

3 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

4 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

5 reiterated   

反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• "Well, I want to know about it,'she reiterated. “嗯，我一定要知道你的休假日期，"她重复说。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
• Some twenty-two years later President Polk reiterated and elaborated upon these principles. 大约二十二年之后，波尔克总统重申这些原则并且刻意阐释一番。

6 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

7 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

8 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

9 reprisal   

n.报复，报仇，报复性劫掠

参考例句：

• There is no political alternative but a big reprisal.政治上没有旁的选择只能是大规模报复。
• They bombed civilian targets in reprisal.他们炮轰平民目标作为报复。

10 recordings   

n.记录( recording的名词复数 )；录音；录像；唱片

参考例句：

• a boxed set of original recordings 一套盒装原声录音带
• old jazz recordings reissued on CD 以激光唱片重新发行的老爵士乐

11 vows   

誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿

参考例句：

• Matrimonial vows are to show the faithfulness of the new couple. 婚誓体现了新婚夫妇对婚姻的忠诚。
• The nun took strait vows. 那位修女立下严格的誓愿。

12 brotherhood   

n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊

参考例句：

• They broke up the brotherhood.他们断绝了兄弟关系。
• They live and work together in complete equality and brotherhood.他们完全平等和兄弟般地在一起生活和工作。

13 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

14 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

15 junta   

n.团体；政务审议会

参考例句：

• The junta reacted violently to the perceived threat to its authority.军政府感到自身权力受威胁而进行了激烈反击。
• A military junta took control of the country.一个军政权控制了国家。

16 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

17 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

18 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

19 deference   

n.尊重，顺从；敬意

参考例句：

• Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference?你对父母师长尊敬吗？
• The major defect of their work was deference to authority.他们的主要缺陷是趋从权威。

20 abdicated   

放弃（职责、权力等）( abdicate的过去式和过去分词 )； 退位，逊位

参考例句：

• He abdicated in favour of his son. 他把王位让给了儿子。
• King Edward Ⅷ abdicated in 1936 to marry a commoner. 国王爱德华八世于1936年退位与一个平民结婚。

21 acclaim   

v.向…欢呼，公认；n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞

参考例句：

• He was welcomed with great acclaim.他受到十分热烈的欢迎。
• His achievements earned him the acclaim of the scientific community.他的成就赢得了科学界的赞誉。

22 reign   

n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势

参考例句：

• The reign of Queen Elizabeth lapped over into the seventeenth century.伊丽莎白王朝延至17世纪。
• The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang lasted about 31 years.朱元璋统治了大约三十一年。