2019年经济学人 和着装风格斗争(1)

 

Summer's arrival in the northern hemisphere brings with it a dilemma¹ that plagues every office worker.

北半球夏季的到来带来了一个困扰每一位上班族的困境。

What does a casual dress code mean in practice?

休闲的着装实际上意味着什么呢？

The happy medium between looking like Kim Kardashian or Hagrid the giant is hard to pin down.

即像金·卡戴珊这样前卫，又像巨人海格一样随意的折中方案很难确定。

Goldman Sachs has just implemented² a "flexible dress code"

高盛集团刚刚实施了一项“灵活的着装规定”

although the executive memo³ noted⁴ gnomically that "casual dress is not appropriate every day".

虽然执行备忘录中笼统地提到“休闲着装并不适合每天穿着”。

Besuited corporate⁵ clients might not take kindly⁶ to investment-banking⁷ advice offered by someone wearing a tank top and ripped jeans.

西装革履的企业客户可能不会接受穿着背心和破洞牛仔裤的人提供的投资银行建议。

It makes sense that banking would be one of the last bastions to fall to the advance of casual workwear.

银行业将是向休闲着装前进的最后堡垒之一，这么说是有道理的。

You want the people who look after your money to appear sober and respectable.

你希望那些帮你打理资金的人看起来冷静且受人尊敬。

For similar reasons, bank headquarters have deliberately⁸ been built in a grandiose⁹ style to emphasise¹⁰ the institution's financial solidity and historical roots.

出于类似的原因，银行总部刻意用宏大的建造风格强调该机构的财务稳固性和历史根源。

Depositors might hesitate about handing over their savings¹¹ to people working under a railway arch.

存款人或许会犹豫是否将自己的积蓄交给在火车拱门下工作的人。

For men, the move to casual dress seems entirely¹² positive.

对男性而言，转向休闲装似乎是非常积极的。

Few people will mourn the demise¹³ of the tie, a functionally¹⁴ useless garment that constricted¹⁵ male necks for a century.

几乎没有人会为领带的消亡而哀悼，一个世纪以来，领带一直束缚着男性的脖子，在功能上毫无用处。

The tie's origins date back to the 17th century, when mercenaries hired by Louis XIII of France wore a form of cravat¹⁶.

领带的起源可追溯到17世纪，当时受法国路易十三雇佣的商人打着领结。

The modern version of the tie emerged in the 1920s and was popularised by Britain's Edward VIII

现代版的领带出现在20世纪20年代，并由英国的爱德华八世普及

who, when not flirting¹⁷ with the Nazis¹⁸, developed the Windsor knot. It became standard office wear for the next six decades.

他在还没有与纳粹纠缠的时候发明了温莎结。在未来60年中，领带变成了标准的办公室着装。

In the 1990s ties started to go out of fashion because technology titans and hedge-fund managers refused to wear them—

20世纪90年代，领带开始不再流行，因为科技巨头和对冲基金经理拒绝打领带—

and were rich enough to ignore social convention. Once, when Mark Zuckerberg, the founder¹⁹ of Facebook,

并且他们的财富足以让他们忽视社会公约。有一次，Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格

was to meet a venture capitalist, he turned up wearing his pyjamas²⁰.

要会见一名风险资本家，他穿着睡衣就来了。

The jacket, by contrast, is a much more useful garment, replete²¹ with pockets to house wallets,

相比之下，夹克是一件更有用的服装，夹克里边都是装钱包、

spectacle cases and travel passes (or, these days, mobile phones).

眼镜盒和旅游通行证（或者像现在的手机）的口袋。

So the default work garb²² for men, when meeting clients, is jacket, open-necked shirt and dark trousers (denim excluded).

因此，男性在会见客户时，默认的工作服是夹克、开领衬衫和深色裤子(牛仔服除外)。

On days without meetings, men can slob out in t-shirts (though not too garish) and jeans, and no one will think the worse of them.

不开会的时候，男性可以穿T恤（虽然不能太花哨）和牛仔裤，没人会认为他们很糟糕。

Arriving in shorts or without socks is another matter entirely.

穿短裤或不穿袜子则完全是另一回事。

1 dilemma   

n.困境，进退两难的局面

参考例句：

• I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。
• He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。

2 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

3 memo   

n.照会，备忘录；便笺；通知书；规章

参考例句：

• Do you want me to send the memo out?您要我把这份备忘录分发出去吗？
• Can you type a memo for me?您能帮我打一份备忘录吗？

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

6 kindly   

adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地

参考例句：

• Her neighbours spoke of her as kindly and hospitable.她的邻居都说她和蔼可亲、热情好客。
• A shadow passed over the kindly face of the old woman.一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。

7 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

8 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

9 grandiose   

adj.宏伟的，宏大的，堂皇的，铺张的

参考例句：

• His grandiose manner impressed those who met him for the first time.他那种夸大的举止给第一次遇见他的人留下了深刻的印象。
• As the fog vanished,a grandiose landscape unfolded before the tourists.雾气散去之后，一幅壮丽的景观展现在游客面前。

10 emphasise   

vt.加强...的语气，强调，着重

参考例句：

• What special feature do you think I should emphasise? 你认为我该强调什么呢？
• The exercises heavily emphasise the required readings.练习非常强调必须的阅读。

11 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

12 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

13 demise   

n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让

参考例句：

• He praised the union's aims but predicted its early demise.他赞扬协会的目标，但预期这一协会很快会消亡。
• The war brought about the industry's sudden demise.战争道致这个行业就这么突然垮了。

14 functionally   

adv.机能上地，官能地

参考例句：

• Objective To explore occlusion reconstruction by computer aided design (CAD) with functionally-generated pathway (FGP). 目的探索借助功能性？记录(functionally-generated pathway,FGP)技术进行口腔固定修复体计算机辅助设计(Computer aided Design,CAD)生理性建？的方法。 来自互联网
• In this respect, the proceeding was functionally similar to a comparative licensing adjudication. 在这一点上，手续在作用上即类似于比较许可证发放的裁断。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法

15 constricted   

adj.抑制的，约束的

参考例句：

• Her throat constricted and she swallowed hard. 她喉咙发紧，使劲地咽了一下唾沫。
• The tight collar constricted his neck. 紧领子勒着他的脖子。

16 cravat   

n.领巾，领结；v.使穿有领结的服装，使结领结

参考例句：

• You're never fully dressed without a cravat.不打领结，就不算正装。
• Mr. Kenge adjusting his cravat,then looked at us.肯吉先生整了整领带，然后又望着我们。

17 flirting   

v.调情，打情骂俏( flirt的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Don't take her too seriously; she's only flirting with you. 别把她太当真，她只不过是在和你调情罢了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• 'she's always flirting with that new fellow Tseng!" “她还同新来厂里那个姓曾的吊膀子！ 来自子夜部分

18 Nazis   

n.（德国的）纳粹党员( Nazi的名词复数 )；纳粹主义

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Nazis were responsible for the mass murder of Jews during World War Ⅱ. 纳粹必须为第二次世界大战中对犹太人的大屠杀负责。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

20 pyjamas   

n.（宽大的）睡衣裤

参考例句：

• This pyjamas has many repairs.这件睡衣有许多修补过的地方。
• Martin was in his pyjamas.马丁穿着睡衣。

21 replete   

adj.饱满的，塞满的；n.贮蜜蚁

参考例句：

• He was replete with food and drink.他吃喝得饱饱的。
• This immense space may be replete with happiness and glory.这巨大的空间可能充满了幸福和光荣。

22 garb   

n.服装，装束

参考例句：

• He wore the garb of a general.他身着将军的制服。
• Certain political,social,and legal forms reappear in seemingly different garb.一些政治、社会和法律的形式在表面不同的外衣下重复出现。