2019年经济学人 一周要闻 伊朗突破核限制 墨西哥财长辞职 巴西改革养老金制度

 

The generals running Sudan since the fall in April of its dictator, Omar al-Bashir, reached a power-sharing accord with the pro-democracy movement that has been demanding an end to military rule. The deal makes provision for the generals to lead a new Supreme¹ Council, which will be the highest decision-making body, for 21 months. Civilians² will take over for a further 18 months before elections.

自今年4月苏丹独裁者奥马尔巴希尔倒台以来，掌管苏丹的将军们与要求结束军事统治的亲民主运动达成了一项权力分享协议。该协议规定，军方将领将领导一个新的最高委员会，任期21个月。最高委员会将是最高决策机构。平民将在选举前继续执政18个月。

A deal signed in 2015 to prevent Iran from building a nuclear bomb came closer to collapse³ after its three European signatories (Britain, France and Germany) said they were concerned that Iran was “not meeting several of its commitments”. The accord offered Iran relief from some economic sanctions in exchange for limits on its nuclear programme. But President Trump⁴ withdrew America from the deal last year and reimposed sanctions. Iran has since breached⁵ caps on uranium enrichment. And tensions with the West rose after Britain seized a tanker⁶ carrying Iranian oil.

2015年签署的一项旨在阻止伊朗制造核弹的协议，在英国、法国和德国三个欧洲签署国表示担忧伊朗“没有履行数项承诺”后，该协议几近崩溃。该协议为伊朗解除了一些经济制裁，以换取对其核计划的限制。但特朗普总统去年让美国退出该协议，并重新实施制裁。伊朗已经违反了铀浓缩的上限。在英国扣押了一艘装载伊朗石油的油轮后，伊朗与西方的紧张关系加剧。

Negotiators for Taliban insurgents⁷ met representatives of the Afghan government to discuss a peace agreement for the first time, albeit⁸ unofficially. The talks were disguised as part of a bigger meeting of Afghan groups. America has held seven rounds of negotiations⁹ with the Taliban about a possible withdrawal¹⁰ from Afghanistan, but also wants the government and the insurgents to speak directly.

塔利班叛乱分子的谈判代表与阿富汗政府代表会面，首次讨论和平协议，尽管这是非正式会谈。这些会谈被伪装成阿富汗组织更大规模会议的一部分。美国已经与塔利班就可能从阿富汗撤军进行了七轮谈判，但同时也希望政府和叛乱分子直接对话。

Mexico’s finance minister, Carlos Urzúa, resigned after claiming that the administration of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador had made his job impossible and had forced his ministry¹¹ to hire unqualified people. Mr Urzúa, a social democrat¹², was a voice of prudence¹³ in the cabinet of the populist leftist president. The country’s currency, the peso, tumbled after the announcement (though it later recovered).

墨西哥财政部长卡洛斯·乌尔祖阿辞职，此前他声称，总统安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔的政府让他的工作无法进行，并施压财政部雇佣不合格人选。乌尔祖阿是一位社会民主党人，在这位民粹主义左翼总统的内阁中，他属于谨慎派。该国的货币比索在辞职声明发布后暴跌（尽管后来有所回升）。

A UN report accused Venezuela’s security forces of killing¹⁴ almost 7,000 people between January 2018 and May this year. It singles out the country’s special forces for carrying out most of the killings¹⁵ and manipulating the crime scenes to suggest that the victims were shot for resisting arrest. It came out days after a reserve captain in the country’s navy died in custody¹⁶, apparently¹⁷ after being tortured.

联合国一份报告指责委内瑞拉安全部队在2018年1月至今年5月期间杀害了近7000人。报告特别指出，该国特种部队实施了大部分杀戮，并伪造犯罪现场，暗示受害者是因拒捕被击毙的。数日前，美国海军一名预备役上尉在拘留期间死亡，显然是死于严刑拷打。

The lower house of Brazil’s congress approved a reform of the country’s unsustainably generous pension system by a vote of 379 to 131. The measure would save taxpayers¹⁸ 900bn reais ($240bn) over ten years.

巴西国会下议院以379票对131票通过了对该国养老金制度的改革，这一慷慨的制度已经难以为继。这项措施将在十年内为纳税人节省9000亿雷亚尔(2400亿美元)。

Joao Gilberto, the man who sang “The Girl from Ipanema”, died aged¹⁹ 88 in Rio de Janeiro. Mr Gilberto was a star of bossa nova, a musical style that fuses jazz and samba.

演唱《依帕内玛女孩》的Joao Gilberto在里约热内卢去世，享年88岁。Gilberto是波萨诺伐舞曲的代表人物，这是是一种融合了爵士和桑巴的音乐风格。

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

3 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

4 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

5 breached   

攻破( breach的现在分词 )； 破坏，违反

参考例句：

• These commitments have already been breached. 这些承诺已遭背弃。
• Our tanks have breached the enemy defences. 我方坦克车突破了敌人的防线。

6 tanker   

n.油轮

参考例句：

• The tanker took on 200,000 barrels of crude oil.油轮装载了二十万桶原油。
• Heavy seas had pounded the tanker into three parts.汹涌的巨浪把油轮撞成三载。

7 insurgents   

n.起义，暴动，造反( insurgent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The regular troops of Baden joined the insurgents. 巴登的正规军参加到起义军方面来了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Against the Taliban and Iraqi insurgents, these problems are manageable. 要对付塔利班与伊拉克叛乱分子，这些问题还是可以把握住的。 来自互联网

8 albeit   

conj.即使；纵使；虽然

参考例句：

• Albeit fictional,she seemed to have resolved the problem.虽然是虚构的，但是在她看来好象是解决了问题。
• Albeit he has failed twice,he is not discouraged.虽然失败了两次，但他并没有气馁。

9 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

10 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

11 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

12 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

13 prudence   

n.谨慎，精明，节俭

参考例句：

• A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题。
• The happy impute all their success to prudence or merit.幸运者都把他们的成功归因于谨慎或功德。

14 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

15 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

16 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

17 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

18 taxpayers   

纳税人，纳税的机构( taxpayer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Finance for education comes from taxpayers. 教育经费来自纳税人。
• She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers' money. 她慷慨陈词猛烈抨击对纳税人金钱的浪费。

19 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。