2019年经济学人 镜头和现实(2)

镜头和现实(2)

Often his uncompromising films lack linear narratives¹, even protagonists². He is not interested in heroes, but in the crowd; in the audience on the square, not the politicians on the stage. In his documentaries, his impersonal³ camera does not probe inner lives but simply records: the space, the movements, the soundscape (snatches of pop and folk songs, anthems⁴, tolling⁵ bells), the flow of time and ultimately of history. There is no voiceover or catharsis. Instead, Mr Loznitsa allows the absurdity⁶ and tragedy of life to speak for themselves. “He is not a hunter,” says Mikhail Iampolski, a critic and historian of Russian culture at New York University. “He is a trap, patiently waiting for whatever gets caught in it.”

他毫不妥协的电影往往缺乏线性叙事，甚至连主角都没有。他对英雄不感兴趣，而是对人群感兴趣；广场上的人群，而不是台上的政客。在他的纪录片中，他那没有感情色彩的相机并不探索内心世界，而只是简单地记录:空间、动作、声景(流行和民谣的片段、国歌、钟声)、时间的流动，最终是历史的流动。没有画外音或宣泄。相反，洛兹尼察先生允许生活的荒谬和悲剧为自己辩护。“他不是猎人，”纽约大学俄罗斯文化评论家和历史学家米哈伊尔·亚姆波尔斯基说。“他是陷阱，耐心地等待着被困住的任何东西。”

The camera, for Mr Loznitsa, is more than a piece of kit—it is a way of seeing. “When we look in front of us, there are things we don’t see,” but which can become visible afterwards, he says. The result may be “something that I could never have imagined, let alone invented”. He cites an aphorism⁷ of Alfred Hitchcock’s: “In feature films, the director is God. In documentaries, God is the director.”

对于洛兹尼察先生来说，相机不仅仅是一个小物件，而是一种观察的方式。他说:“当我们看前面的时候，有些东西我们看不到，”但这些东西在看完之后就会变得可见。其结果可能是“我从未想象过的东西，更不用说发明了”。他引用了阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克的一句格言:“在故事片中，导演就是上帝。”在纪录片中，上帝是导演。”

On with the show

和精彩一起继续

Now 52, Mr Loznitsa was born in Soviet⁸ Belarus and brought up in Ukraine. He learned his craft in Russia and now lives in Germany. Like many others, his life has been shaped by the fracturing of the Soviet Union and the Russian empire before it; his work chronicles the political—and moral— disintegrations that followed. His subjects have included the failed coup⁹ of 1991 that preceded the Soviet collapse¹⁰ (“The Event”, 2015) and Ukraine’s revolution (“Maidan”, 2014). Today’s world, he says, provides “no firm ground under your feet”. Just as fact and fiction have bled together, it can seem that “there is no good or bad.”

现年52岁的洛兹尼察出生于前苏联的白俄罗斯，在乌克兰长大。他在俄罗斯学的手艺，现在住在德国。和其他许多人一样，他的一生也受到了前苏联和前俄罗斯帝国解体的影响；他的作品记录了随之而来的政治和道德的瓦解。他的作品包括1991年苏联解体前的未遂政变(《事件》，2015)和乌克兰革命(《独立广场》，2014)。他说，今天的世界“脚下没有坚实的土地”。正如事实与虚构交织在一起一样，似乎“没有好坏之分”。

1 narratives   

记叙文( narrative的名词复数 )； 故事； 叙述； 叙述部分

参考例句：

• Marriage, which has been the bourne of so many narratives, is still a great beginning. 结婚一向是许多小说的终点，然而也是一个伟大的开始。
• This is one of the narratives that children are fond of. 这是孩子们喜欢的故事之一。

2 protagonists   

n.（戏剧的）主角( protagonist的名词复数 )；（故事的）主人公；现实事件（尤指冲突和争端的）主要参与者；领导者

参考例句：

• Mrs Pankhurst was one of the chief protagonists of women's rights. 潘克赫斯特太太是女权的主要倡导者之一。 来自辞典例句
• This reflects that Feng Menglong heartily sympathized with these protagonists. 这反映出冯梦龙由衷地同情书中的这些主要人物。 来自互联网

3 impersonal   

adj.无个人感情的，与个人无关的，非人称的

参考例句：

• Even his children found him strangely distant and impersonal.他的孩子们也认为他跟其他人很疏远，没有人情味。
• His manner seemed rather stiff and impersonal.他的态度似乎很生硬冷淡。

4 anthems   

n.赞美诗( anthem的名词复数 )；圣歌；赞歌；颂歌

参考例句：

• They usually play the national anthems of the teams at the beginning of a big match. 在大型赛事开始前，他们通常演奏参赛国国歌。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Rise please, rise for the anthems of & . 请全体起立，奏和两国国歌。 来自互联网

5 tolling   

[财]来料加工

参考例句：

• A remote bell is tolling. 远处的钟声响了。
• Indeed, the bells were tolling, the people were trooping into the handsome church. 真的，钟声响了，人们成群结队走进富丽堂皇的教堂。

6 absurdity   

n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论

参考例句：

• The proposal borders upon the absurdity.这提议近乎荒谬。
• The absurdity of the situation made everyone laugh.情况的荒谬可笑使每个人都笑了。

7 aphorism   

n.格言，警语

参考例句：

• It is the aphorism of the Asian Games. 这是亚运会的格言。
• Probably the aphorism that there is no easy answer to what is very complex is true. 常言道,复杂的问题无简易的答案,这话大概是真的。

8 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

9 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

10 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。