2019年经济学人 波音VS空客(2)

 

In a sector¹ like aircraft manufacturing, where subsidies² are ubiquitous,

在一个像飞机制造这样的部门中，补贴无处不在，

it has always been clear that America and the EU needed to agree to mutual³ disarmament.

很明显，美国和欧盟需要就相互裁军达成一致。

Instead, they have talked past each other, each complaining at various points that the other was unwilling⁴ to negotiate.

相反，他们只是各执一词，各自在不同的地方抱怨对方不愿谈判。

Most recently it has been the EU that has submitted proposals to America, only to be rebuffed.

最近是欧盟向美国提交了提案，却遭到拒绝。

Meanwhile, the boxes have been piling up and the lawyers raking in fees.

与此同时，箱子越堆越高，律师们也赚了不少钱。

The Trump⁵ administration wasted no time in starting the formalities at the WTO that will allow it to apply the tariffs⁷.

特朗普政府不失时机地在WTO开始了允许其实施关税的手续。

That means the EU can expect tariffs on October 18th.

这意味着将在10月18日对欧盟征收关税。

As well as tariffs of 10% on large aircraft and 25% on agricultural and industrial goods,

除了对大型飞机征收10%的关税以及对农工产品征收25%的关税外，

the list the USTR published on October 2nd included Italian Parmesan, Scotch⁸ whisky and German waffles.

USTR在10月日公布的名单中还包括意大利的帕尔玛干酪、苏格兰威士忌酒以及德国华夫饼干。

Even if a product is not on the list it may still be hit, as items could be shuffled⁹ in and out.

即便是不在名单中的产品仍有可能命中，因为产品条目可以被添加和删减。

For all the fuss the dispute will generate among connoisseurs¹⁰ of European cheese, the biggest impact will be on aircraft,

这场纠纷将会在欧洲奶酪鉴赏家中引起轩然大波，受影响最大的将是飞机，

of which America imported $5.1bn-worth in 2018, mostly from France and Germany (the USTR has said that only a portion will be hit).

2018年美国进口了价值51亿美元的飞机，大部分是从法国和德国进口（USTR表示只有一部分将受到打击）。

It could have been worse—the Americans could have applied¹¹ a tariff⁶ of up to 100%—but even one of 10% will bite.

情况本会更糟——美国本可以征收最高为100%的关税——但即使是10%的关税也会产生影响。

American airlines fear that tariffs will raise the price of Airbus aircraft, and that Boeing will lack the capacity to expand supply.

美国航空公司担心关税会提高空客飞机的价格，也担心波音将缺乏扩大供应的能力。

Perhaps the WTO will find that the EU has removed its subsidies, and the Americans will stand down.

大概WTO将发现欧盟已经取消了它的补贴，美国人将会退出。

Or in eight months'time, when the WTO authorises the EU to place retaliatory¹² tariffs on American imports as part of the Boeing dispute,

或者在八个月的时间里，在这场波音纠纷中，当WTO授权欧盟对美国进口征收报复性关税时，

the two sides might finally negotiate away their differences. By then Mr Trump's appetite for tariffs may have been sated,

双方可能最终通过谈判消除分歧。到那时，特朗普对关税的胃口可能已经得到极大满足，

and he might abandon separate threats to put tariffs on European cars and car parts.

并且他可能会放弃对欧洲汽车和汽车零部件征收关税的威胁。

But it is also possible that trade disputes between the two sides become fiercer.

但也有可能双方贸易纠纷愈演愈烈。

America is blocking the appointment of judges to the WTO's court of appeals.

美国正在阻止WTO上诉法院法官的任命。

If either side makes a move that the other judges an infraction¹³, and a complaint to the WTO cannot be heard for lack of judges,

如果任何一方采取了另一方认为违规的行动，，并由于缺乏法官，向WTO提出的申诉无法得到审理

that could be the end of playing by the rules.

那么这可能是按规矩办事的终结。

1 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

2 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

4 unwilling   

adj.不情愿的

参考例句：

• The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
• His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 tariff   

n.关税，税率；(旅馆、饭店等)价目表，收费表

参考例句：

• There is a very high tariff on jewelry.宝石类的关税率很高。
• The government is going to lower the tariff on importing cars.政府打算降低进口汽车的关税。

7 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

8 scotch   

n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的

参考例句：

• Facts will eventually scotch these rumours.这种谣言在事实面前将不攻自破。
• Italy was full of fine views and virtually empty of Scotch whiskey.意大利多的是美景，真正缺的是苏格兰威士忌。

9 shuffled   

v.洗（纸牌）( shuffle的过去式和过去分词 )；拖着脚步走；粗心地做；摆脱尘世的烦恼

参考例句：

• He shuffled across the room to the window. 他拖着脚走到房间那头的窗户跟前。
• Simon shuffled awkwardly towards them. 西蒙笨拙地拖着脚朝他们走去。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 connoisseurs   

n.鉴赏家，鉴定家，行家( connoisseur的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Let us go, before we offend the connoisseurs. 咱们走吧，免得我们惹恼了收藏家。 来自辞典例句
• The connoisseurs often associate it with a blackcurrant flavor. 葡萄酒鉴赏家们通常会将它跟黑醋栗口味联系起来。 来自互联网

11 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

12 retaliatory   

adj.报复的

参考例句：

• The process can take years before the WTO approves retaliatory action. 在WTO通过此行动之前，这个程序恐怕要等上一阵子了。 来自互联网
• Retaliatory tariffs on China are tantamount to taxing ourselves as a punishment. 将惩罚性关税强加于中国相当于对我们自己实施课税惩罚。 来自互联网

13 infraction   

n.违反；违法

参考例句：

• He was criticized for his infraction of the discipline.他因违反纪律而受到了批评。
• Parking at the bus stop is illegal,Motorists committing this infraction are heavily fined.在公交站停车是违法的，触犯此条的司机将受重罚。