2019年经济学人 波多黎各的破产(2)

 

Aurelius argues that this should cover the board members, and that the board is unconstitutional.

Aurelius认为宪法的这一规定应该包括委员会成员的任命，且这个委员会是违宪的。

The board and federal government argue that the board's business is "primarily local". Lower courts had disagreed.

委员会和联邦政府认为委员会的业务“主要是地方业务”。下级法院不同意。

The board was created to oversee¹ bankruptcy² proceedings³ unresolvable by Puerto Rico's governor,

该委员会的成立是为了监督波多黎各管理者无法解决的破产程序问题，

arguably implying that its powers supersede⁴ the island's.

这可能意味着委员会的权利将取代波多黎各管理者的权力。

But those lower courts also blessed the board's actions under the "de facto" doctrine⁵,

但那些下级法院也支持委员会根据“事实”原则采取的行动，

which allows actions by officials to stand, even if they are found to have been wrongfully appointed.

该原则允许官员们采取行动，即便发现对他们的任命是错误的。

On October 15th the Supreme⁶ Court spent little time on the de facto doctrine.

10月15日，高级法院几乎没花什么时间研究这个“事实”原则。

It focused on whether the board acts locally, in the interest of Puerto Rico, or federally, in the interests of all Americans.

它的重点是委员会是否为了波多黎各或所有美国人的利益而在当地采取行动。

Remarks from some of the liberal justices seemed to lean towards the latter—and thus towards Aurelius.

一些自由派法官的言论似乎倾向于后者—因此也倾向于Aurelius。

"One option could have been some kind of financial bail-out," said Elena Kagan.

Elena Kagan称，“一种选择可能是某种形式的金融援助。”

Congress "instead chose an option that had less financial cost for the American people as a whole".

相反，国会“选择了一个对整体美国人民经济成本更低的方案”。

Sonia Sotomayor probed the idea that the act gave the board members powers that ordinary local officials did not previously⁷ have.

索尼娅·索托马约尔探究了这样一种想法：该法案赋予了委员会成员权力，而这种权利是以前普通地方官员没有的。

A ruling is due by July. If it goes Aurelius's way, it would be a mighty⁸ upset—and hugely disruptive for Puerto Rico.

裁决将于7月做出。如果按照Aureliu的方式，这将是一个巨大的颠覆—对波多黎各来说是巨大的破坏。

The board has collected and paid out claims, and issued $12bn of bonds.

委员会已收回并支付了债权，并发行了120亿美元的债券。

"I have no idea how one unwinds this," said Mr Wall, for the federal government. He seems unlikely to have to find out.

“我不知道该如何解决这个问题，”联邦政府的Wall先生表示。他似乎不太可能找出答案。

The conservative justices, who are in a majority, seemed to lean towards seeing the board members as Puerto Rican officers.

大多数保守派法官似乎倾向于把委员会成员看作是波多黎各的官员。

"If we conclude that the powers and duties here are primarily local…do you lose?"

“如果我们的结论是该案权利和责主要都是地方的......你输了吗？”

Brett Kavanaugh asked Mr Olson. The court will now decide.

布雷特·卡瓦诺问奥尔森。法院现在将作出裁决。

1 oversee   

vt.监督，管理

参考例句：

• Soldiers oversee the food handouts.士兵们看管着救济食品。
• Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.请一位房产检视员或建筑师来监督并检查不同阶段的工作。

2 bankruptcy   

n.破产；无偿付能力

参考例句：

• You will have to pull in if you want to escape bankruptcy.如果你想避免破产，就必须节省开支。
• His firm is just on thin ice of bankruptcy.他的商号正面临破产的危险。

3 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

4 supersede   

v.替代；充任

参考例句：

• We must supersede old machines by new ones.我们必须以新机器取代旧机器。
• The use of robots will someday supersede manual labor.机器人的使用有一天会取代人力。

5 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

6 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

7 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

8 mighty   

adj.强有力的；巨大的

参考例句：

• A mighty force was about to break loose.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
• The mighty iceberg came into view.巨大的冰山出现在眼前。