2021年经济学人 一周要闻 中国或成唯一实现正增长的经济体

The world this week

本周国际要闻

Business

经济版块

Janet Yellen, Joe Biden’s pick as treasury¹ secretary, urged senators to pass the new president’s $1.9trn stimulus² package, saying there should be no compromise in helping³ people who are struggling through the pandemic. The measures have run into stiff opposition⁴ from Republicans, even among moderates, who balk⁵ at adding more stimulus to December’s $935bn package. Mr Biden’s plan should easily clear the House. The Democrats⁶ also control the Senate, but may have to deploy⁷ a legislative⁸ tactic⁹ to get the bill through.

拜登任命的财政部长珍妮特·耶伦(Janet Yellen)敦促参议员们通过新总统提出的1.9万亿美元的刺激计划，她表示，在帮助那些正努力应对疫情的民众时，不应该有任何的妥协。这些措施遭到了共和党人的强烈反对，包括温和派在内，他们不愿在12月份通过的9350亿美元援助计划中增加更多刺激措施。拜登的抗疫纾困计划应该能轻松获得众议院的支持。而民主党也控制着参议院，但为了让法案通过，他们可能不得不采取立法策略。

Filling out his nominees¹⁰ to head America’s regulatory agencies, Mr Biden chose Rohit Chopra to be director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Mr Chopra is a staunch ally of Senator Elizabeth Warren, who helped set up the CFPB in the wake of the financial crisis a decade ago. Along with other Biden appointments, the nomination¹¹ of Mr Chopra suggests that Wall Street will face tougher scrutiny¹² in the new administration.

在遴选美国监管机构负责人时，拜登提名了罗希特·乔普拉(Rohit Chopra)担任美国消费金融保护局（CFPB）局长。乔普拉是参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦(Elizabeth Warren)的坚定盟友，10年前金融危机爆发后，沃伦帮助成立了消费金融保护局。与拜登任命的其他官员一样，乔普拉的提名表明，华尔街将在新政府中面临更严格的审查。

One of Mr Biden’s first orders as president was to kill the Keystone XL oil pipeline¹³, a project to carry crude from Canada to Nebraska that has been delayed for years because of opposition from greens and Native Americans. The decision is a blow to Alberta’s oil industry, which will lose thousands of jobs as a result.

拜登就任总统后的首批命令之一就是终止Keystone XL输油管道项目，该项目从加拿大向内布拉斯加州输送原油，由于环保人士和美洲原住民的反对，该项目已被推迟数年。这一决定对艾伯塔省的石油业是一次打击，此举将导致数千人失业。

Seemingly unfazed by the pandemic, America’s big banks reported another solid round of earnings¹⁴. JPMorgan Chase posted its highest ever quarterly net profit, $12.1bn. Like its peers, the bank benefited from trading in booming stockmarkets. Morgan Stanley’s fourth-quarter profit of $3.4bn was a record for the bank. Profit at Goldman Sachs for the quarter came in at $4.5bn, up 135% year on year.

美国各大银行似乎没有受到疫情的影响，各行又公布了新一轮稳定的收益。摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)公布了其有史以来最高的季度净利润，为121亿美元。与同行一样，该行也从繁荣的股市交易中受益。摩根士丹利去年第四季度34亿美元的利润创下了该行的纪录。高盛第四季度的利润为45亿美元，同比增长135%。

Lee Jae-yong, the boss of Samsung, was sent back to prison following his retrial for bribery¹⁵. Mr Lee’s incarceration¹⁶ complicates¹⁷ the South Korean conglomerate’s plan to reorganise its business, which is expected to include selling off non-core divisions to raise cash so that the Lee family can pay a $10bn tax bill.

三星总裁李在镕（Lee Jae-yong）因受贿罪重审后被送回监狱。李在镕入狱致这家韩国企业集团重组其业务的计划更加复杂，该计划将包括出售非核心业务,以筹集资金，进而让李氏家族有能力支付100亿美元的税款。

China’s economy roared back in the last three months of 2020, growing by 6.5% compared with the same quarter of 2019. For the year as a whole, gdp expanded by 2.3%. Few other economies are expected to register positive growth. The fourth-quarter revival¹⁸ was helped by a surge in exports and state-backed industrial production. China recorded its biggest-ever trade surplus in December.

中国经济在2020年第四季度大幅回升，同比增长6.5%。全年国内生产总值增长2.3%。预计其他经济体几乎很少能实现正增长。去年第四季度的经济复苏得益于出口及政府支持的工业生产激增。去年12月，中国录得有史以来最大的贸易顺差。

1 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

2 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

3 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

4 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

5 balk   

n.大方木料；v.妨碍；不愿前进或从事某事

参考例句：

• We get strong indications that his agent would balk at that request.我们得到的强烈暗示是他的经纪人会回避那个要求。
• He shored up the wall with a thick balk of wood.他用一根粗大的木头把墙撑住。

6 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

8 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

9 tactic   

n.战略，策略；adj.战术的，有策略的

参考例句：

• Reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
• She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。

10 nominees   

n.被提名者，被任命者( nominee的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• She's one of the nominees. 她是被提名者之一。 来自超越目标英语 第2册
• A startling number of his nominees for senior positions have imploded. 他所提名的高级官员被否决的数目令人震惊。 来自互联网

11 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

12 scrutiny   

n.详细检查，仔细观察

参考例句：

• His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好，但是经不起仔细检查。
• Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。

13 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

14 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

15 bribery   

n.贿络行为，行贿，受贿

参考例句：

• FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。
• He was charged with bribery.他被指控受贿。

16 incarceration   

n.监禁，禁闭；钳闭

参考例句：

• He hadn't changed much in his nearly three years of incarceration. 在将近三年的监狱生活中，他变化不大。 来自辞典例句
• Please, please set it free before it bursts from its long incarceration! 请你，请你将这颗心释放出来吧！否则它会因长期的禁闭而爆裂。 来自辞典例句

17 complicates   

使复杂化( complicate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• What complicates the issue is the burden of history. 历史的重负使问题复杂化了。
• Russia as a great and ambitious power gravely complicates the situation. 俄国作为一个强大而有野心的国家，使得局势异常复杂。

18 revival   

n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振

参考例句：

• The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
• He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。