2021年经济学人 新冠疫苗难防美国“种族病”(1)

United States

美国版块

Vaccinations²

疫苗

Access denied

拒绝使用

Inoculating³ non-whites is the first step to reducing vaccine⁴ hesitation⁵

为非白人接种疫苗是减少疫苗犹豫的第一步

The biden administration has pledged to deliver 150m covid-19 vaccinations within the president’s first 100 days in office, but who should get those shots? Most states are prioritising frontline health-care workers and long-term care-home residents, followed by people aged⁶ 75 or older and essential workers. Few states are making sure African-Americans or Hispanics get vaccinated⁷, even though they are three times more likely to die from the virus than whites. In fact minorities may be at the back of the queue for something that is of great value to all Americans.

拜登政府承诺在担任总统的前100天内提供1.5亿剂新冠疫苗，但哪些人应该接种疫苗呢？大多数州优先考虑一线医护人员和常住疗养院的居民，其次是75岁及以上的老人和必要工作人员。很少有州会确保非裔美国人或西班牙裔人接种疫苗，尽管他们死于新冠的可能性是白人的三倍。事实上，少数族裔可能排在对所有美国人来说都很有价值的事情的后面。

In Memphis, Tennessee, in mid-January, all 10,800 vaccine appointments were claimed before those without internet access could sign up by phone; but black and Hispanic Americans are less likely to have internet access. Location is also a barrier in some instances. In Suffolk County, Massachusetts, which includes Boston, 46% of white residents live in a census⁸ tract⁹ within one mile of a vaccination¹ site, compared with only 14% of black residents and 26% of Hispanic residents. “If the goal is to help reduce the suffering and the death particularly experienced by black, Latino, and older communities, then...everybody should be focusing their vaccination efforts on reaching those groups,” says Nina Schwalbe of Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health. This has not been the case, however.

1月中旬，在田纳西州孟菲斯，在那些无法上网的人能够通过电话报名之前，所有的1.08万支疫苗早已全部被预约了；但是黑人和西班牙裔美国人不太可能有机会上网。在某些情况下，位置也是障碍。在马萨诸塞州（波士顿位于马萨诸塞州）萨福克县，46%的白人居民居住在距离疫苗接种地点一英里以内的人口普查区，相比之下，黑人居民只有14%，西班牙裔居民只有26%。哥伦比亚大学邮差公共卫生学院的尼娜·施瓦尔贝表示：“如果美国的目标是帮助减少黑人、拉丁美洲人和老年人遭受的痛苦和死亡，那么，疫苗的接种重点应该放在这些群体身上。”。然而，情况并非如此。

In early January New York City announced new vaccination sites in the Bronx and Queens, predominantly minority areas. But the mass-vaccination centres at Citi Field and Yankee Stadium delayed their openings because of low supplies, while many other sites closed. In Dallas, Texas, health officials attempted to give vaccinations first to residents living in predominantly minority zip codes, but state officials threatened to revoke¹⁰ vaccine allocation if they were not distributed to all eligible¹¹ people regardless of race.

1月初，纽约市宣布在布朗克斯和皇后区（主要是少数族裔地区）设立新的疫苗接种点。但花旗球场和扬基球场的大规模疫苗接种中心由于供应不足而推迟开放，而其他许多疫苗接种点则关闭。在得克萨斯州达拉斯，卫生官员试图首先给居住在少数族裔地区的居民接种疫苗，但州政府官员威胁称，如果不把疫苗分发给所有符合条件的人（不分种族），就将取消疫苗分配。

1 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

2 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 inoculating   

v.给…做预防注射( inoculate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He attempted to investigate bidirectional streaming by inoculating two dishes with R. oryzae. 他试图研究双向流动的问题，他把未根霉接种于两个培养皿。 来自辞典例句
• Doctors examined the recruits but nurses did the inocuLating. 医生们给新兵检查了身体，护士们给他们打了预防针。 来自互联网

4 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

5 hesitation   

n.犹豫，踌躇

参考例句：

• After a long hesitation, he told the truth at last.踌躇了半天，他终于直说了。
• There was a certain hesitation in her manner.她的态度有些犹豫不决。

6 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

7 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

8 census   

n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查

参考例句：

• A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
• The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。

9 tract   

n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林)

参考例句：

• He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
• He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。

10 revoke   

v.废除，取消，撤回

参考例句：

• The university may revoke my diploma.大学可能吊销我的毕业证书。
• The government revoked her husband's license to operate migrant labor crews.政府撤销了她丈夫管理外来打工人群的许可证。

11 eligible   

adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的

参考例句：

• He is an eligible young man.他是一个合格的年轻人。
• Helen married an eligible bachelor.海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。