2021年经济学人 一周要闻 阿斯利康疫苗被欧洲多国紧急叫停

The world this week

一周国际要闻

Politics

政治板块

At least 16 EU countries, including Germany, France, Italy and Spain, suspended the use of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine¹, following reports that a handful of people had developed blood-clots after receiving it. Several regulators, including the World Health Organisation², said that the risks of not getting jabbed far outweighed³ those of getting jabbed. Experts predicted that the delay would cost lives and needlessly undermine confidence in both the AstraZeneca vaccine and vaccines⁴ more generally.

包括德国、法国、意大利和西班牙在内的至少16个欧盟国家暂停使用阿斯利康的新冠肺炎疫苗，此前有报道称，少数人在接种后出现血栓。包括世界卫生组织在内的一些监管机构表示，不接种疫苗的风险远远大于接种疫苗的风险。专家预测，推迟疫苗接种将导致生命损失，还会无端地削弱民众对阿斯利康疫苗和更广泛的疫苗的信心。

Germany’s ruling Christian⁵ Democrats⁶ performed badly in two important state elections, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate. The results are a blow to the party’s new leader, Armin Laschet, and a sign that Germans are unimpressed by the government’s handling of the COVID crisis.

德国执政党基督教民主党在巴登-符腾堡州和莱茵兰-普法尔茨这两个重要州的选举中表现不佳。这一结果对该党的新领导人阿明·拉切特(Armin Laschet)是一次打击，也表明德国人对政府处理新冠病毒危机的方式并不满意。

A general election in the Netherlands appears to have given Mark Rutte, the centre-right prime minister, a chance to form a new government, though assembling a coalition⁷ will be complicated. D66, a pro-European liberal party, did surprisingly well, as did the populist right.

荷兰的大选似乎给了中右翼首相马克·吕特（Mark Rutte）一个组建新政府的机会，尽管组建联合政府将会错综复杂。亲欧洲的自由党D66和民粹主义右翼党都表现得出奇的好。

Britain published a review of defence and foreign policy. One surprise was a reversal of the decision taken a decade ago to reduce the nuclear stockpile from 225 to 180 warheads by the mid-2020s. Britain will now increase its arsenal⁸ to 260 by the middle of the decade, the first escalation⁹ since the peak of the cold war, when Britain had over 500. Official figures about operational stockpiles and deployed¹⁰ warheads will no longer be published.

英国发表了一份关于国防和外交政策的评论。令人惊讶的是，10年前做出的到本世纪20年代中期将核弹头从225枚减少到180枚的决定发生了逆转。到本世纪中期，英国的核弹头数量上限将增加到260枚，这是自冷战高峰期以来首次升级，当时英国的核弹头数量超过500个。将不再公布可用于作战部署的核弹头数量。

Police in Bolivia arrested Jeanine ánez, the president of a recent interim¹¹ government, and other officials, accusing them of plotting a coup¹² against Evo Morales. Mr Morales resigned as president in November 2019 amid accusations¹³ of fraud in his re-election. The charges against Ms ánez are probably a retribution for the similar charges her government filed against officials from Mr Morales's party.

玻利维亚警方逮捕了最近一届临时政府的总统阿涅斯（Jeanine ánez）以及其他官员，指控他们密谋反对埃沃·莫拉莱斯（Evo Morales）的政变。莫拉莱斯于2019年11月辞去总统职务，他的连任被指存在欺诈行为。对阿涅斯的指控可能是对她领导的政府对莫拉莱斯的政党官员提出类似指控的报复。

John Magufuli, the president of Tanzania, died at the age of 61, after weeks of speculation¹⁴ that he was being treated for COVID-19. Mr Magufuli had ordered his government not to vaccinate¹⁵ people against the virus, nor to take steps to limit its spread, insisting that God had cleansed¹⁶ the country of it.

坦桑尼亚总统的约翰·马古富里去世，享年61岁，此前数周，人们一直猜测他正在接受新冠肺炎治疗。马古富里此前命令他的政府不要给民众接种新冠病毒疫苗，也不要采取措施限制病毒的传播，他坚定地认为，这个国家的病毒已经被上帝清除了。

Gunmen on motorcycles killed at least 58 people in northern Niger, near the border with Mali. Jihadists have been active in the region.

骑摩托车的枪手在尼日尔北部与马里边境附近杀害了至少58人。圣战分子一直在该地区活跃。

Regional forces from Ethiopia’s Amhara state took control of parts of Tigray, which is next door. The occupation could add fuel to a civil war between the federal government and Tigray’s ousted¹⁷ rulers. It may also increase tensions around other disputed internal borders in the country, which is a federation¹⁸ of ten ethnically¹⁹ based states.

来自埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉州的地区部队控制了邻国提格雷的部分地区。这次占领可能会加剧联邦政府和提格雷被驱逐统治者之间的内战。这也可能加剧该国其他有争议的内部边界的紧张局势，该国是一个由10个民族国家组成的联邦。

Police in Uganda again arrested a popular opposition²⁰ leader known by his stage name, Bobi Wine. Hundreds of people have been detained since a disputed presidential election earlier this year that was won by Yoweri Museveni, who has ruled since 1986.

乌干达警方再次逮捕了一名颇受欢迎的反对派领导人，他的艺名是博比·维恩。自今年早些时候有争议的总统选举以来，已有数百人被拘留。自1986年以来一直执政的约韦里·穆塞韦尼(Yoweri Museveni)赢得了选举。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

3 outweighed   

v.在重量上超过( outweigh的过去式和过去分词 )；在重要性或价值方面超过

参考例句：

• This boxer outweighed by his opponent 20 pounds. 这个拳击选手体重比他的对手重20磅。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She outweighed me by ten pounds, and sometimes she knocked me down. 她的体重超过我十磅，有时竟把我撞倒。 来自百科语句

4 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

5 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

6 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

8 arsenal   

n.兵工厂，军械库

参考例句：

• Even the workers at the arsenal have got a secret organization.兵工厂工人暗中也有组织。
• We must be the great arsenal of democracy.我们必须成为民主的大军火库。

9 escalation   

n.扩大，增加

参考例句：

• The threat of nuclear escalation remains. 核升级的威胁仍旧存在。 来自辞典例句
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。 来自辞典例句

10 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

11 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

12 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

13 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

14 speculation   

n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机

参考例句：

• Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
• There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。

15 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

16 cleansed   

弄干净，清洗( cleanse的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The nurse cleansed the wound before stitching it. 护士先把伤口弄干净后才把它缝合。
• The notorious Hell Row was burned down in a fire, and much dirt was cleansed away. 臭名远场的阎王路已在一场大火中化为乌有，许多焦土灰烬被清除一空。

17 ousted   

驱逐( oust的过去式和过去分词 )； 革职； 罢黜； 剥夺

参考例句：

• He was ousted as chairman. 他的主席职务被革除了。
• He may be ousted by a military takeover. 他可能在一场军事接管中被赶下台。

18 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

19 ethnically   

adv.人种上，民族上

参考例句：

• Ethnically, the Yuan Empire comprised most of modern China's ethnic groups. 元朝的民族成分包括现今中国绝大多数民族。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• Russia is ethnically relatively homogeneous. 俄罗斯是个民族成分相对单一的国家。 来自辞典例句

20 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。