2021年经济学人 一周要闻 美联储上调美国经济和通胀预期

Emmanuel Faber was ousted¹ as chairman and chief executive of Danone,

法国达能(Danone)食品公司董事长兼首席执行官费柏尔(Emmanuel Faber)被免职。

following a campaign by activist² investors³ unhappy at the performance of the French food company’s share price.

此前，维权投资者对这家法国食品公司的股价表现不满，发起了一场运动。

Mr Faber is one of the most vocal⁴ advocates of sustainable capitalism⁵.

费柏尔是可持续资本主义最踊跃的倡导者之一。

When Danone changed its legal status last year to become a purpose-driven company, he declared that Milton Friedman’s statue had been toppled.

当达能在去年改变其法律地位，成为一家目标驱动型公司时，他宣布米尔顿·弗里德曼的雕像已经被推翻。

Following Mr Faber’s overthrow⁶, it is not so clear that Friedman’s famous dictum, that the sole purpose of a company is to increase shareholder⁷ value, is in fact dead.

而在费柏尔被赶下台后，他的名言——即“公司的唯一目的是增加股东价值”是否会步一样的后尘尚不可知。

The Federal Reserve said the American economy, and inflation, will grow at a much quicker pace this year than it had forecast.

美联储表示，今年美国经济和通货膨胀的增速将比预期要快得多。

At its meeting on March 11th, the European Central Bank committed to speed up its purchase of bonds over the next three months

在3月11日的会议上，欧洲中央银行承诺在未来三个月内加快购买债券，

in response to the euro zone’s insipid⁸ economic recovery and rising borrowing costs.

以应对欧元区经济复苏乏力以及借贷成本上升的问题。

As it tries to catch up some of the ground it lost to Ericsson and Huawei in the roll-out of 5G, Nokia said it would cut up to 10,000 jobs in order to “reset” its future capabilities⁹.

诺基亚表示，将削减至多1万个工作岗位，以“重置”其未来的能力。该公司试图在推出5G时收回被爱立信(Ericsson)和华为(Huawei)抢占的市场。

The Finnish maker¹⁰ of network equipment has been gradually reducing its workforce¹¹ from a peak of 132,000 in 2010.

这家芬兰网络设备制造商一直在逐步裁员，2010年的员工人数曾达到13.2万人的峰值。

Members of the Sackler family increased the amount they will pay under the OxyContin settlement to $4.3bn.

根据奥施康定和解协议，萨克勒家族成员将支付的金额提高到43亿美元。

The family still own Purdue Pharma, which made the addictive¹² painkiller¹³ and needs to settle the claims against it in order to leave bankruptcy¹⁴ protection.

该家族仍然拥有普渡制药公司(Purdue Pharma)的控制权，该公司生产了成瘾止痛药，并且需要解决面临的索赔诉求，以便脱离破产保护。

Greggs, a British purveyor¹⁵ of cheap-but-cheerful sandwiches and snacks, reported its first annual loss since becoming a public company in 1984.

Greggs是英国一家廉价但颇受欢迎的三明治和零食供应商，自1984年上市以来首次报告了年度亏损。

The retailer¹⁶, which has bucked¹⁷ the trend of high-street closures through canny¹⁸ marketing¹⁹, most notably²⁰ of its vegan sausage roll,

这家零售商通过精明的营销手段(尤其是素食香肠卷)扭转了封锁商业街的趋势，

plans to bounce back from the pandemic by opening 1,000 new shops in the coming years.

其计划在未来几年新开1000家门店，从疫情中恢复过来。

Changes to the official basket of goods and services that make up Britain’s consumer-price index reflected the pandemic.

官方“一篮子”商品和服务构成了英国居民消费者价格指数，它们的变化反映了疫情带来的影响。

In come hand sanitisers, hand weights and loungewear.

洗手液、哑铃和家居服的销量增长。

Out go ground coffee, white-chocolate bars and Axminster and Wilton carpets, flooring that went out of fashion in the 1980s.

研磨咖啡、白巧克力棒、阿克斯明斯特地毯(Axminster)和威尔顿(Wilton)地毯，以及在20世纪80年代过时的地板，都被淘汰了。

1 ousted   

驱逐( oust的过去式和过去分词 )； 革职； 罢黜； 剥夺

参考例句：

• He was ousted as chairman. 他的主席职务被革除了。
• He may be ousted by a military takeover. 他可能在一场军事接管中被赶下台。

2 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

3 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

4 vocal   

adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目

参考例句：

• The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
• Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。

5 capitalism   

n.资本主义

参考例句：

• The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。
• Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century.十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。

6 overthrow   

v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆

参考例句：

• After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后，这个国家处于混乱中。
• The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。

7 shareholder   

n.股东，股票持有人

参考例句：

• The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
• A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。

8 insipid   

adj.无味的，枯燥乏味的，单调的

参考例句：

• The food was rather insipid and needed gingering up.这食物缺少味道，需要加点作料。
• She said she was a good cook,but the food she cooked is insipid.她说她是个好厨师，但她做的食物却是无味道的。

9 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

10 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

11 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

12 addictive   

adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的，成为习惯的

参考例句：

• The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
• Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。

13 painkiller   

n.止痛药

参考例句：

• I shall persuade him to take the painkiller.我将说服他把药吃下去。
• The painkiller only provides him a short respite from his pain.止痛药仅仅让他在疼痛中有短暂的疏解。

14 bankruptcy   

n.破产；无偿付能力

参考例句：

• You will have to pull in if you want to escape bankruptcy.如果你想避免破产，就必须节省开支。
• His firm is just on thin ice of bankruptcy.他的商号正面临破产的危险。

15 purveyor   

n.承办商，伙食承办商

参考例句：

• Silence, purveyor of gossip, do not spread that report. 快别那样说，新闻记者阁下，别散布那个消息。 来自互联网
• Teaching purpose: To comprehensively understand the role function and consciousness composition of a news purveyor. 教学目的：全面深入的理解新闻传播者的角色功能和意识构成。 来自互联网

16 retailer   

n.零售商(人)

参考例句：

• What are the retailer requirements?零售商会有哪些要求呢？
• The retailer has assembled a team in Shanghai to examine the question.这家零售商在上海组建了一支团队研究这个问题。

17 bucked   

adj.快v.（马等）猛然弓背跃起( buck的过去式和过去分词 )；抵制；猛然震荡；马等尥起后蹄跳跃

参考例句：

• When he tried to ride the horse, it bucked wildly. 当他试图骑上这匹马时，它突然狂暴地跃了起来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The plane bucked a strong head wind. 飞机顶着强烈的逆风飞行。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

18 canny   

adj.谨慎的，节俭的

参考例句：

• He was far too canny to risk giving himself away.他非常谨慎，不会冒险暴露自己。
• But I'm trying to be a little canny about it.但是我想对此谨慎一些。

19 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

20 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。