2021年经济学人 美国撤军阿富汗 塔利班伺机而动

The world this week

本周国际要闻

Politics

政治版块

Haiti’s president, Jovenel Moise, was shot dead at his private residence.

海地总统若弗内尔·莫伊兹（Jovenel Moise）在其私人住宅中被枪杀。

The police said that they killed four suspects during a gun battle and had arrested two others.

警方称，他们在枪战中击毙了四名嫌疑人，并逮捕了另外两名嫌疑人。

It was unclear who ordered the assassination¹, or why.

目前还不清楚是谁下令暗杀，以及暗杀的动机。

Claude Joseph, the interim² prime minister, who was due to be replaced this week, said he would take charge as interim president.

将于本周接任的临时总理克劳德·约瑟夫(Claude Joseph)表示，他将担任临时总统。

The opposition³ had been seeking Mr Moise’s removal from office, saying his term had expired.

反对派一直设法将莫伊兹赶下台，称他的任期已经到期。

In February the government claimed it had uncovered an attempted coup⁴ against him.

今年2月，政府声称侦破了一起针对莫伊兹的未遂政变。

American forces left Bagram airfield⁵, near Kabul, which had been their biggest base in Afghanistan.

美军撤离了喀布尔附近的巴格拉姆机场，这里曾是美军在阿富汗最大的基地。

A small number remain in the capital, largely to protect the American embassy.

少数士兵仍留在首都，主要是为了保护美国大使馆。

After 20 years America has effectively given up on the war in Afghanistan, which now looks likely to intensify⁶.

20年后的今天，美国实际上已经放弃了阿富汗战争，不过照现在的形势来看，这场战争可能会愈演愈烈。

The emboldened⁷ Taliban have been seizing territory.

肆无忌惮的塔利班组织一直在夺取领土。

Some of the official Afghan army have surrendered without a fight.

一些阿富汗政府军未战先降。

Local warlords are raising militias⁸ to resist the jihadists.

当地军阀势力正在召集民兵来抵抗塔利班组织。

In Brazil the Supreme⁹ Court authorised an investigation¹⁰ into Jair Bolsonaro for failing to comply with his public duty.

巴西最高法院授权对雅伊尔·博索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)涉嫌渎职一事进行调查。

The case claims that the president overlooked irregularities in a deal on a COVID-19 vaccine¹¹, Covaxin.

该指控称，这位总统忽视了购买印度Covaxin疫苗问题时的违规行为。

A senate inquiry¹² into the government's handling of the pandemic is also looking into allegations that one official asked for a $1-per-dose bribe¹³ to purchase the AstraZeneca vaccine.

参议院对政府应对新冠疫情不力的调查中还包括另一项指控，即一名官员要求以每剂受贿1美元的条件购买阿斯利康疫苗。

Thousands of Brazilians took to the streets, the third mass protest in just over a month to call for Mr Bolsonaro’s impeachment¹⁴.

成千上万的巴西人走上街头抗议，这是一个多月来要求弹劾博索纳罗的第三次大规模抗议活动。

Jacob Zuma, a former president of South Africa, was taken into custody¹⁵ for contempt of court.

南非前总统雅各布·祖玛因藐视法庭罪被拘留。

He had refused to appear before a commission investigating the corruption¹⁶ that was rife¹⁷ during his time in office.

此前，他曾拒绝在调查其任职期间贪腐行为的委员会面前露面。

At least 50 people were killed by security forces in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) after protests against the rule of King Mswati, Africa’s last absolute monarch¹⁸.

斯威士兰（之前名为Swaziland)至少50人在抗议姆斯瓦蒂国王(非洲最后一位拥有绝对权力的君主)统治后被安全部队杀害。

The protests began after the death of a law student, allegedly at the hands of the police. They say he died in a car crash.

抗议活动起因于一名据称死于警察之手的法律系学生。警方称他死于车祸。

Some 140 children were kidnapped from a school in Nigeria, taking to more than 1,000 the number of students and scholars abducted¹⁹ since December.

尼日利亚一所学校约140名儿童被绑架，致使自去年12月以来遭绑架的学生和学者人数已超过1000人。

Iran told the International Atomic Energy Agency, the world’s nuclear watchdog,

伊朗通知国际原子能机构(世界核监督机构)，

that it had begun the process of producing enriched uranium metal, which can be used in reactors—or to make bombs.

该国已经开始生产可用于反应堆以及制造炸弹的浓缩铀。

European powers called Iran’s action “a serious violation” of the multinational²⁰ nuclear accord they signed in 2015.

欧洲大国称伊朗的行动“严重违反”了在2015年签署的多国核协议。

America, which left the pact²¹ in 2018, is trying to revive it.

于2018年退出该协定的美国正在试图重返该协议。

Egypt agreed to a compensation deal with the owners and insurers of the Ever Given,

埃及同意与“长赐号”的所有者和保险公司达成赔偿协议，

which ran aground and blocked the Suez canal for six days in March, seriously disrupting global trade.

该公司3月份搁浅并阻塞苏伊士运河达6天之久，严重扰乱了全球贸易。

The terms were not made public. Egypt, which had demanded $550m, refused to release the vessel²² until a deal was reached.

这些赔偿条款没有公开。埃及此前要求赔偿5.5亿美元，在达成赔偿协议前拒绝放行这艘货轮。

Israel’s parliament declined to extend a law that denies citizenship²³ rights to Palestinians who marry Israelis.

以色列议会拒绝延长一项法律，该法律剥夺与以色列人结婚的巴勒斯坦人的公民权。

It was the first test of the new Israeli government, which supported the extension on security grounds.

这是对以色列新政府的第一次考验。以色列新政府以安全问题为由支持延期。

1 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

2 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

3 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

4 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

5 airfield   

n.飞机场

参考例句：

• The foreign guests were motored from the airfield to the hotel.用车把外宾从机场送到旅馆。
• The airfield was seized by enemy troops.机场被敌军占领。

6 intensify   

vt.加强；变强；加剧

参考例句：

• We must intensify our educational work among our own troops.我们必须加强自己部队的教育工作。
• They were ordered to intensify their patrols to protect our air space.他们奉命加强巡逻，保卫我国的领空。

7 emboldened   

v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Emboldened by the wine, he went over to introduce himself to her. 他借酒壮胆，走上前去向她作自我介绍。
• His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

9 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

10 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

11 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

12 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

13 bribe   

n.贿赂；v.向…行贿，买通

参考例句：

• He tried to bribe the policeman not to arrest him.他企图贿赂警察不逮捕他。
• He resolutely refused their bribe.他坚决不接受他们的贿赂。

14 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

15 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

16 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

17 rife   

adj.(指坏事情)充斥的，流行的，普遍的

参考例句：

• Disease is rife in the area.疾病在这一区很流行。
• Corruption was rife before the election.选举之前腐败盛行。

18 monarch   

n.帝王，君主，最高统治者

参考例句：

• The monarch's role is purely ceremonial.君主纯粹是个礼仪职位。
• I think myself happier now than the greatest monarch upon earth.我觉得这个时候比世界上什么帝王都快乐。

19 abducted   

劫持，诱拐( abduct的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（肢体等）外展

参考例句：

• Detectives have not ruled out the possibility that she was abducted. 侦探尚未排除她被绑架的可能性。
• The kid was abducted at the gate of kindergarten. 那小孩在幼儿园大门口被绑架走了。

20 multinational   

adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司

参考例句：

• The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
• He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。

21 pact   

n.合同，条约，公约，协定

参考例句：

• The two opposition parties made an electoral pact.那两个反对党订了一个有关选举的协定。
• The trade pact between those two countries came to an end.那两国的通商协定宣告结束。

22 vessel   

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管

参考例句：

• The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
• You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

23 citizenship   

n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)

参考例句：

• He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
• Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。