2021年经济学人 英国央行行长表示需采取行动控制通胀

The world this week -- Business

本周国际要闻——商业

Britain’s annual rate of inflation dipped slightly to 3.1% in September, pulled down by a fall in restaurant prices.

餐厅价格下调使英国9月份的年通货膨胀率小幅下降至3.1%。

As in other countries, inflation is expected to remain high because of the dual¹ crunch² in energy markets and supply chains.

与其他国家一样，由于能源市场和供应链的双重紧缩，通胀率预计仍将居高不下。

Speaking before the release of the data, Andrew Bailey, the governor of the Bank of England, said that action might be needed to tame inflationary pressures.

英国央行行长安德鲁·贝利在数据发布前表示，可能需要采取行动来缓解通胀压力。

Some saw this as a sign that the central bank will raise interest rates before Christmas, though Mr Bailey suggested he is more concerned about taming prices over the medium term.

一些人认为这是央行将在圣诞节前提高利率的信号，尽管贝利表示，他更关心在中期控制物价。

Jens Weidmann announced that he would step down as president of Germany’s Bundesbank, a position he has held since 2011.

延斯·魏德曼宣布将辞去德国央行行长一职，他自2011年以来一直担任该职务。

As a leading hawk⁴ on the European Central Bank’s council, Mr Weidmann was a vocal⁵ critic of quantitative⁶ easing, saying in 2019 that the ECB had overreacted to the euro zone’s slowdown.

作为欧洲央行理事会的主要鹰派人物，魏德曼曾直言不讳地批评量化宽松政策，他曾在2019年表示，欧洲央行对欧元区经济放缓反应过度。

In remarks this week he warned central bankers “not to lose sight of prospective⁷ inflationary dangers”.

在本周的讲话中，他警告各国央行行长“不要忽视潜在的通胀危险”。

European gas prices surged again, after a closely watched auction⁸ of pipeline⁹ capacity suggested that Russia will not increase its supply in the coming weeks.

欧洲天然气价格再度飙升，此前备受关注的管道产能拍卖表明，俄罗斯将不会在未来几周增加供应。

Russia provided 43% of the European Union’s gas imports last year.

去年欧盟43%的天然气进口来自俄罗斯。

The Kremlin denies it is withholding¹⁰ supplies as a way of pressing Germany to certify¹¹ Russia’s recently completed Nord Stream 2 pipeline.

克里姆林宫否认其暂停供应是为了迫使德国批准最近竣工的北溪2号管道。

In Germany a senior Green politician accused Russia of blackmail¹² and said the pipeline should not get a permit.

在德国，一名资深绿党政客指责俄罗斯敲诈勒索，并表示该管道不应该获得许可。

Tesla reported quarterly records for both revenue ($13.8bn) and net profit ($1.6bn).

特斯拉公布了季度营收（138亿美元）和净利润（16亿美元）的记录数据。

The electric-carmaker delivered its most vehicles ever in the quarter, overcoming a shortage of chips that has put a dent³ in the sales figures of other car companies.

这家电动汽车制造商在本季度交付了有史以来最多的汽车，克服了芯片短缺的问题，而芯片短缺已经挫伤了其它汽车公司的销售数据。

America’s first bitcoin-linked exchange-traded fund listed in New York.

美国首只与比特币相关的交易所交易基金(ETF)在纽约上市。

Investments are made in bitcoin futures¹³, not the cryptocurrency itself.

投资对象是比特币期货，而不是加密货币本身。

The price of a bitcoin reached a new high, rising above $67,000 for the first time.

比特币价格再创新高，首次突破6.7万美元。

The IMF is looking for a new chief economist¹⁴.

国际货币基金组织正在寻找新的首席经济学家。

Gita Gopinath is leaving the job in January and returning to her academic position at Harvard.

吉塔·戈皮纳特将于明年1月离职，重回她在哈佛大学的学术岗位。

Another 4.4m subscribers signed up to Netflix in the third quarter, taking its total customer base to 214m.

第三季度，Netflix又新增440万签约用户，这使其客户总数达到2.14亿。

North America still accounts for the biggest chunk¹⁵ of revenue at the streaming service, though Europe (and the Middle East) is closing the gap in the number of most users: 70.5m compared with 74m in North America.

北美仍然占流媒体服务收入的最大份额，尽管欧洲（和中东）正在缩小最高用户数量上的差距：欧洲有7050万用户，而北美的用户数量为7400万。

Netflix’s production schedule was disrupted by covid-19 but is now back on track and it is releasing oodles of new content in the coming months.

Netflix的制作计划因新冠疫情被打乱，但现在已回到正轨，并将在接下来的几个月发布大量新内容。

It is also acquiring the rights to Roald Dahl’s stories.

它还获得了罗尔德·达尔小说的版权。

1 dual   

adj.双的；二重的，二元的

参考例句：

• The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
• He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。

2 crunch   

n.关键时刻；艰难局面；v.发出碎裂声

参考例句：

• If it comes to the crunch they'll support us.关键时刻他们是会支持我们的。
• People who crunch nuts at the movies can be very annoying.看电影时嘎吱作声地嚼干果的人会使人十分讨厌。

3 dent   

n.凹痕，凹坑；初步进展

参考例句：

• I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the rear of my car.我不知道是怎么回事，但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。
• That dent is not big enough to be worth hammering out.那个凹陷不大，用不着把它锤平。

4 hawk   

n.鹰，骗子；鹰派成员

参考例句：

• The hawk swooped down on the rabbit and killed it.鹰猛地朝兔子扑下来,并把它杀死。
• The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away.老鹰叼了小鸡就飞走了。

5 vocal   

adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目

参考例句：

• The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
• Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。

6 quantitative   

adj.数量的，定量的

参考例句：

• He said it was only a quantitative difference.他说这仅仅是数量上的差别。
• We need to do some quantitative analysis of the drugs.我们对药物要进行定量分析。

7 prospective   

adj.预期的，未来的，前瞻性的

参考例句：

• The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers.这篇报道应该对其他潜在的购买者起到警示作用。
• They have all these great activities for prospective freshmen.这会举办各种各样的活动来招待未来的新人。

8 auction   

n.拍卖；拍卖会；vt.拍卖

参考例句：

• They've put the contents of their house up for auction.他们把房子里的东西全都拿去拍卖了。
• They bought a new minibus with the proceeds from the auction.他们用拍卖得来的钱买了一辆新面包车。

9 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

10 withholding   

扣缴税款

参考例句：

• She was accused of withholding information from the police. 她被指控对警方知情不报。
• The judge suspected the witness was withholding information. 法官怀疑见证人在隐瞒情况。

11 certify   

vt.证明，证实；发证书(或执照)给

参考例句：

• I can certify to his good character.我可以证明他品德好。
• This swimming certificate is to certify that I can swim one hundred meters.这张游泳证是用以证明我可以游100米远。

12 blackmail   

n.讹诈，敲诈，勒索，胁迫，恫吓

参考例句：

• She demanded ＄1000 blackmail from him.她向他敲诈了1000美元。
• The journalist used blackmail to make the lawyer give him the documents.记者讹诈那名律师交给他文件。

13 futures   

n.期货，期货交易

参考例句：

• He continued his operations in cotton futures.他继续进行棉花期货交易。
• Cotton futures are selling at high prices.棉花期货交易的卖价是很高的。

14 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

15 chunk   

n.厚片，大块，相当大的部分（数量）

参考例句：

• They had to be careful of floating chunks of ice.他们必须当心大块浮冰。
• The company owns a chunk of farmland near Gatwick Airport.该公司拥有盖特威克机场周边的大片农田。