美国国家公共电台 NPR--A mannequin in Georgia is one of the first to use AI to help train nurses

A mannequin in Georgia is one of the first to use AI to help train nurses

Transcript¹

A nursing school in Georgia is using a very expensive AI mannequin to teach patient interaction and diagnostics.

A MART?NEZ, HOST:

For generations, nursing students have used mannequins to practice what they're learning. But with artificial intelligence on the rise, those mannequins are getting closer to the real thing. WABE's Jim Burress recently met one of the new AI patients.

JIM BURRESS, BYLINE²: Down a corridor and to the left at Emory University's School of Nursing is one of the most realistic mannequins ever to grace a mockup hospital room.

KIM FUGATE: Could you tell me your name, sir?

AI-GENERATED VOICE: My name is Emory HAL.

FUGATE: And what brings you in today?

AI-GENERATED VOICE: I'm here today because I have been experiencing a headache for the past few days.

BURRESS: Emory HAL is the first model S5301 human patient simulator mannequin a university has ever incorporated into its nursing training. Emory's Kim Fugate is quizzing the patient, who's tucked under a crisp bed sheet pressed so pristinely you'd think you were at the Four Seasons.

FUGATE: Can you tell me how old you are?

AI-GENERATED VOICE: I am 41 years old.

BURRESS: Until now, about as close to the real thing a student could get involved actors playing out pre-written scenarios³, says Beth Ann Swan. She's associate dean of Emory's nursing school.

BETH ANN SWAN: Without a mannequin like this, our faculty⁴ or someone would be standing⁵ there pretending they're a crying baby, pretending - they're going (mimicking crying). You know, it's like, OK. I hear it. But for me, at least, when I'm standing here and I'm asking him questions, and he's answering me and his mouth is moving, I don't know. It's a much different experience.

BURRESS: Even an Academy Award performance wouldn't allow students to, say, intubate the mock patient or start an IV. With Emory HAL, they can.

SWAN: For me, who is a person who practiced on each other and oranges, to now be here doing this, I think with the AI it's going to explode. I mean, I think it's going to remake what's possible.

BURRESS: But they're not quite there. In fact, students have yet to get their hands on Emory HAL. That could happen this fall. And when they do, they'd better bring their A-game. Emory HAL is able to record and convey exactly how well they perform. All this comes with a price tag up to $170,000, says Dean Swan. Jim Archetto is with Gaumard Scientific, which makes HAL.

JIM ARCHETTO: So similar to airline pilots training on flight simulators, honestly, the risk is just too high from a patient care standpoint not to train on a simulator.

BURRESS: Cost is just one consideration. Another is how good are the data Emory HAL's AI is given? The mannequin comes in different skin tones, and a female version is in the works. Maybe a Haley (ph)? But when it comes to something as high stakes as emergency health care, cultural biases⁶ are a big concern. That's according to Dr. Jonathan Chen of Stanford's Center for Biomedical Informatics Research.

JONATHAN CHEN: What are the cases being presented? How does the patient - the simulated patient interact with clinical trainees⁷ so that it represents the broad tapestry⁸ of humanity that they're going to be interacting with in the real world?

BURRESS: Chen says these are questions we must answer now. Like it or not, AI is already in medicine, and it's already pretty smart.

FUGATE: Do you listen to the radio at all, HAL?

AI-GENERATED VOICE: Yes, I do. I enjoy listening to NPR's MORNING EDITION and All Things Considered.

BURRESS: For NPR News, I'm Jim Burress in Atlanta.

(SOUNDBITE OF AIR'S "J'AI DORMI SOUS L'EAU")

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 scenarios   

n.[意]情节；剧本；事态；脚本

参考例句：

• Further, graphite cores may be safer than non-graphite cores under some accident scenarios. 再者，根据一些事故解说，石墨堆芯可比非石墨堆芯更安全一些。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Again, scenarios should make it clear which modes are acceptable to users in various contexts. 同样，我们可以运用场景剧本来搞清楚在不同情境下哪些模式可被用户接受。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

4 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

5 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

6 biases   

偏见( bias的名词复数 )； 偏爱； 特殊能力； 斜纹

参考例句：

• Stereotypes represent designer or researcher biases and assumptions, rather than factual data. 它代表设计师或者研究者的偏见和假设，而不是实际的数据。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• The net effect of biases on international comparisons is easily summarized. 偏差对国际比较的基本影响容易概括。

7 trainees   

新兵( trainee的名词复数 )； 练习生； 接受训练的人； 训练中的动物

参考例句：

• We've taken on our full complement of new trainees. 我们招收的新学员已经满额了。
• The trainees were put through an assault course. 受训人员接受了突击训练课程。

8 tapestry   

n.挂毯，丰富多采的画面

参考例句：

• How about this artistic tapestry and this cloisonne vase?这件艺术挂毯和这个景泰蓝花瓶怎么样？
• The wall of my living room was hung with a tapestry.我的起居室的墙上挂着一块壁毯。