TED演讲:科学可以回答道德问题(5)

 　　But if questions affect human well-being  但如果这个问题是影响到人身幸福的

　　then they do have answers, whether or not we can find them.  他们是有答案的，无论我们找不着得到

　　And just admitting this -- just admitting that there are right and wrong answers to the question of how humans flourish 承认吧，当我们尝试解决人类幸福的问题是可能会有错误答案的

　　will change the way we talk about morality,  承认这个事实能改变我们讨论道德的方法

　　and will change our expectations of human cooperation in the future. 也会改变我们在合作共创未来时所期待的结果

　　For instance, there are 21 states in our country where corporal punishment in the classroom is legal, 举例来说，在美国还有21个州在课堂上进行体罚是合法的

　　where it is legal for a teacher to beat a child with a wooden board, 老师可以合法的用木板

　　hard, and raising large bruises¹ and blisters² and even breaking the skin.  把孩子打得瘀伤、起水泡、甚至破皮

　　And hundreds of thousands of children, incidentally, are subjected to this every year. 每年有千百个孩子都在遭受这样的待遇

　　The locations of these enlightened districts, I think, will fail to surprise you.  而且我认为，你会很吃惊，这都是些什么省份

　　We're not talking about Connecticut.  不是康涅狄格州

　　And the rationale for this behavior is explicitly³ religious.  宗教往往是这些做法背后的理由

　　The creator of the universe himself has told us not to spare the rod, 创造宇宙的造物主说，告诉我们不要不忍用仗

　　lest we spoil the child -- this is in Proverbs 13 and 20, and I believe, 23. 不然会宠坏孩子，这是《旧约箴言》第13章20和23节

　　But we can ask the obvious question: Is it a good idea, generally speaking, 我们可以问一个简单的问题，以常理判断

　　to subject children to pain and violence and public humiliation⁴ 让孩子经历这样的痛苦，暴力和在众人面前被羞辱

　　as a way of encouraging healthy emotional development and good behavior? 会带来健康的情绪发展和良好行为模式吗？

　　Is there any doubt that this question has an answer, and that it matters? 我们之中有人怀疑这个问题不但有解答，而且对我们来说很重要？

1 bruises   

n.瘀伤，伤痕，擦伤( bruise的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was covered with bruises after falling off his bicycle. 他从自行车上摔了下来，摔得浑身伤痕。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The pear had bruises of dark spots. 这个梨子有碰伤的黑斑。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 blisters   

n.水疱( blister的名词复数 )；水肿；气泡

参考例句：

• My new shoes have made blisters on my heels. 我的新鞋把我的脚跟磨起泡了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• His new shoes raised blisters on his feet. 他的新鞋把他的脚磨起了水疱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 explicitly   

ad.明确地，显然地

参考例句：

• The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
• SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条，清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

4 humiliation   

n.羞辱

参考例句：

• He suffered the humiliation of being forced to ask for his cards.他蒙受了被迫要求辞职的羞辱。
• He will wish to revenge his humiliation in last Season's Final.他会为在上个季度的决赛中所受的耻辱而报复的。