TED演讲：暗喻言说(1)

 　　Metaphor¹ lives a secret life all around us. 暗喻秘密地生活在我们中间。

　　We utter about six metaphors² a minute. 于我们的言谈中，每分钟大约会出现六个暗喻。

　　Metaphorical³ thinking is essential to how we understand ourselves and others, 暗喻思维是一把钥匙，它可以开启我们相互理解

　　how we communicate, learn, discover and invent. 沟通、学习、发现和创新的大门。

　　But metaphor is a way of thought before it is a way with words. 首先，暗喻是一种思维方式。

　　Now, to assist me in explaining this, I've enlisted⁴ the help of one of our greatest philosophers, 为了说明这一点，我请教了一位当代最伟大的哲学家，

　　the reigning⁵ king of the metaphorians, a man whose contributions to the field are so great that he himself has become a metaphor. 当权的暗喻皇帝，一位因其对暗喻学的巨大贡献而自身成了一位暗喻的人物。

　　I am, of course, referring to none other than Elvis Presley. 当然，我指的不是别人，正是猫王埃尔维斯-普雷斯利。

　　Now, "All Shook Up" is a great love song. 好，《神魂颠倒》（意即整个人都被动摇了）是一首经典情歌。

　　It's also a great example of how whenever we deal with anything abstract 也是一个极好的暗喻范例，它诠释了当我们面临抽象事物时，

　　ideas, emotions, feelings, concepts, thoughts -- we inevitably⁶ resort to metaphor. 无论是主意、情绪、感觉、概念亦或是思想，都不得不求助于暗喻。

　　In "All Shook Up," a touch is not a touch, but a chill. 在《神魂颠倒》中，触摸不再是触摸，而是寒气。

　　Lips are not lips, but volcanoes. She is not she, but a buttercup. 嘴唇不再是嘴唇，而是火山。她不再是她，而是毛茛花（一种小黄花）。

　　And love is not love, but being all shook up. 爱情也不再是爱情，而是变得神魂颠倒了。

　　In this, Elvis is following Aristotle's classic definition of metaphor 在这里，埃尔维斯采用的完全是亚里士多德对暗喻的经典定义，

　　as the process of giving the thing a name that belongs to something else. 亦即是把B事物的名称赋予给A事物的过程。

　　This is the mathematics of metaphor. And fortunately it's very simple. X equals Y. 这就是暗喻的数学公式。幸好它很简单。X等于Y。

1 metaphor   

n.隐喻，暗喻

参考例句：

• Using metaphor,we say that computers have senses and a memory.打个比方，我们可以说计算机有感觉和记忆力。
• In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love.玫瑰在诗中通常作为爱的象征。

2 metaphors   

隐喻( metaphor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• I can only represent it to you by metaphors. 我只能用隐喻来向你描述它。
• Thus, She's an angel and He's a lion in battle are metaphors. 因此她是天使，他是雄狮都是比喻说法。

3 metaphorical   

a.隐喻的，比喻的

参考例句：

• Here, then, we have a metaphorical substitution on a metonymic axis. 这样，我们在换喻（者翻译为转喻，一种以部分代替整体的修辞方法）上就有了一个隐喻的替代。
• So, in a metaphorical sense, entropy is arrow of time. 所以说，我们可以这样作个比喻：熵像是时间之矢。

4 enlisted   

adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持）

参考例句：

• enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
• He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 reigning   

adj.统治的，起支配作用的

参考例句：

• The sky was dark, stars were twinkling high above, night was reigning, and everything was sunk in silken silence. 天很黑，星很繁，夜阑人静。
• Led by Huang Chao, they brought down the reigning house after 300 years' rule. 在黄巢的带领下，他们推翻了统治了三百年的王朝。

6 inevitably   

adv.不可避免地；必然发生地

参考例句：

• In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去，毫无疑问是会散伙的。
• Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。