奥运28大项第31课 Fencing击剑 01

北京奥运28大项
"参与"，"竞争"，"分享"，"进步"
Fencing  击剑
DISCIPLINE'S ORIGIN  项目起源
英文原文
As a sport, fencing began in either the 14th or 15th century
and both Italy and Germany lay claim to the origins of the sport.
German fencing masters organised the first guilds¹ in the 15th century,
notably² the Marxbruder of Frankfurt in 1480.
In 1570 Henri Saint-Didier of France
gave names to fencing's major movements
and most of that nomenclature remains³.
From the 16th to the 18th century, sword fights and duels⁴ were common.
Combatants in these duels used a variety of weapons,
including singlesticks, quarterstaffs,
and backswords, and the bouts⁵ were often bloody⁶ and occasionally fatal.
讲解
逐句对照
As a sport, fencing began in either the 14th or 15th century
and both Italy and Germany lay claim to the origins of the sport.
lay claim to   自己有资格或权利获得…，对…提出主权要求
I lay no claim to being an expert economist⁷.
German fencing masters organised the first guilds in the 15th century,
guild  协会，同业工会
notably the Marxbruder of Frankfurt in 1480.
In 1570 Henri Saint-Didier of France
gave names to fencing's major movements
and most of that nomenclature remains.
From the 16th to the 18th century, sword fights and duels were common.
fight  打架
duel  决斗
Combatants in these duels used a variety of weapons,
including singlesticks, quarterstaffs, and backswords,
singlesticks, quarterstaffs, and backswords
singlestick  单剑
quarterstaff  铁头木棒
backsword  单刃剑
and the bouts were often bloody and occasionally fatal.
fatal   致命的，生死攸关的
原文重听
As a sport, fencing began in either the 14th or 15th century
and both Italy and Germany lay claim to the origins of the sport.
German fencing masters organised the first guilds in the 15th century,
notably the Marxbruder of Frankfurt in 1480.
In 1570 Henri Saint-Didier of France
gave names to fencing's major movements
and most of that nomenclature remains.
From the 16th to the 18th century, sword fights and duels were common.
Combatants in these duels used a variety of weapons,
including singlesticks, quarterstaffs,
and backswords, and the bouts were often bloody and occasionally fatal.

1 guilds   

行会，同业公会，协会( guild的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• View list of the guilds that Small has war on. 看目前有哪些公会是我们公会开战的对象及对我们开战的对象。
• Guilds and kingdoms fit more with the Middle Age fantasy genre. （裴）:公会和王国更适合中世纪奇幻类型。

2 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 duels   

n.两男子的决斗( duel的名词复数 )；竞争，斗争

参考例句：

• That's where I usually fight my duels. 我经常在那儿进行决斗。” 来自英语晨读30分（初三）
• Hyde Park also became a favourite place for duels. 海德公园也成了决斗的好地方。 来自辞典例句

5 bouts   

n.拳击（或摔跤）比赛( bout的名词复数 )；一段（工作）；（尤指坏事的）一通；（疾病的）发作

参考例句：

• For much of his life he suffered from recurrent bouts of depression. 他的大半辈子反复发作抑郁症。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It was one of fistiana's most famous championship bouts. 这是拳击界最有名的冠军赛之一。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

6 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

7 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。