常春藤解析英语【76】Naturalism,and Jean-François Mi

Naturalism, and Jean-François Millet¹ 自然主义与米勒

Take a look at a style of art that tries to show things as they are.
看看自然主义如何呈现事物的自然风华。

by Matthew Brown

6/23
If you were setting out to create a painting of a subject, there would be many choices available to you. Take the idea of painting a bouquet² of red roses for instance. You could choose to draw vibrant³ lines around and inside the flowers, giving the painting energy and movement. Or you could depict⁴ the roses using simple geometric shapes, something like what Picasso might have done. If you took either of these routes, your painting could turn out to be quite interesting. It would not, however, be a painting that could be described as being in a Realist or Naturalist⁵ style.

"Naturalism," as well as "Realism" which it is often linked with, usually refers to a style of art that tries to show the object exactly as it is in real life. Sometimes artists who work in the style of Realism go so far as to try to trick the viewer into thinking the painting is the real thing.

What makes Naturalism "different from Realism is that Naturalism puts an emphasis on nature. It says that objects should be painted realistically, as they appear, and that they should be displayed in a way that is true to nature. For most people, however, the difference between the two styles is not always very clear.

The Naturalist movement took place in the 1800s, and it came about as a reaction against Romanticism. Romanticism describes an approach to painting in which the object is portrayed⁷ in the way the artist imagines it, with a great deal of style and emotion. In the end, the object usually looks quite different from how it would look to the eye in day-to-day life.

单字小铺

1. Naturalism n. 自然主义
2. vibrant a. 生动的
3. geometric a. 几何（图形）的
4. route n. 途径；路线
5. Realist n. 写实主义者
6. Naturalist n. 自然主义者
7. Realism n. 写实主义
8. realistically adv. 逼真地
9. Romanticism n. 浪漫主义
10. portray⁶ vt. 描绘

词组小铺

1. a bouquet of...　　一束……
bouquet n. 一束
2. turn out (to be) + N/adj.　　结果变成……
3. be described as...　　被描述成……
4. refer to...　　指的是……
5. be different from...　　与……不同
6. come about　　发生（= happen）
7. a great deal of + 不可数名词　　许多的∕大量的……

精解字词词组

1. set out to V　　开始（从事）……
例: I set out to learn carpentry at the age of 20.
（我 20 岁时开始学木工。）

2. be available to...　　为……可取得，可供……利用
例: The aerobics⁸ class is available to club members.
（该俱乐部会员可以上这门有氧舞蹈课。）

3. Take...for instance.　　举……（例子）来说。
= Take...for example.
例: The food here is wonderful. Take this cheesecake for instance.
（这里的食物很美味。就拿这起司蛋糕来说好了。）

4. be linked with/to...　　与……联想在一起∕相关联
例: Chewing betel nut is linked with mouth cancer.
（嚼槟榔与口腔癌息息相关。）

5. go so far as to V　　甚至做到……（的地步）
例: In order to get tickets for the concert, Ed went so far as to spend the night in front of the ticket counter.
（为了买到演唱会的票，艾德甚至不惜在售票口前漏夜等候。）

6. trick sb into + V-ing　　诱骗某人（做）……
例: I tricked Debby into lending me $150.
（我骗黛比借 150 元给我。）

7. put an emphasis on...　　强调……；着重……
= emphasize vt.
例: In this speech, I want to put an emphasis on relationships.
（这场演讲中，我将着重于感情关系。）

8. be true to...　　忠于……
例: Most dogs are true to their owners.
（大多数的狗儿对牠们的主人都很忠心。）

9. reaction n. 反动，排拒（与介词 against 并用）；反应（与介词 to 并用）
例:　We were all surprised at Helen's reaction to her son's dropping out of school.
（海伦对她儿子辍学的反应让我们感到惊讶。）

10. to the eye　　看起来，表面上
be pleasing to the eye　　看起来赏心悦目
例: Although Nick is very pleasing to the eye, he isn't very smart.
（虽然尼克长得帅，却不太聪明。）

中文翻译

如果你要以某个题材着手作画，你有很多选择。就举画一束红玫瑰为例好了。你可以选择用生动笔触勾勒出玫瑰花里里外外的线条，赋予花朵生命力与动感。或者你可以用单纯的几何形状描绘出玫瑰，就如同毕加索的画法一样。如果你采取以上任何一种画法，作品会变得相当有趣。不过如此一来，你的作品就称不上是写实主义或自然主义画风。

自然主义』常与『写实主义』相提并论，通常都是指一种能忠实呈现主题在现实生活中模样的艺术风格。写实主义派画家有时甚至试着让观者相信画中的主题是真实的。

自然主义与写实主义不同之处在于它强调自然，认为物体就该像眼前所见般被忠实呈现，并以忠于自然的方式绘制。然而对多数人来说，这两种风格的分别并不明显。

自然主义运动发生于 19 世纪，是对浪漫主义的反动。浪漫主义以画家想象的方式来描绘主题，相当富有个人风格与情感。到最后，主题通常与现实生活中的样子相当不同。
 

1 millet   

n.小米，谷子

参考例句：

• Millet is cultivated in the middle or lower reaches of the Yellow River.在黄河中下游地区，人们种植谷子。
• The high quality millet flour was obtained through wet milling.采用湿磨法获得了高品质的小米粉。

2 bouquet   

n.花束，酒香

参考例句：

• This wine has a rich bouquet.这种葡萄酒有浓郁的香气。
• Her wedding bouquet consisted of roses and ivy.她的婚礼花篮包括玫瑰和长春藤。

3 vibrant   

adj.震颤的，响亮的，充满活力的，精力充沛的，(色彩)鲜明的

参考例句：

• He always uses vibrant colours in his paintings. 他在画中总是使用鲜明的色彩。
• She gave a vibrant performance in the leading role in the school play.她在学校表演中生气盎然地扮演了主角。

4 depict   

vt.描画，描绘；描写，描述

参考例句：

• I don't care to see plays or films that depict murders or violence.我不喜欢看描写谋杀或暴力的戏剧或电影。
• Children's books often depict farmyard animals as gentle,lovable creatures.儿童图书常常把农场的动物描写得温和而可爱。

5 naturalist   

n.博物学家(尤指直接观察动植物者)

参考例句：

• He was a printer by trade and naturalist by avocation.他从事印刷业，同时是个博物学爱好者。
• The naturalist told us many stories about birds.博物学家给我们讲述了许多有关鸟儿的故事。

6 portray   

v.描写，描述；画(人物、景象等)

参考例句：

• It is difficult to portray feelings in words.感情很难用言语来描写。
• Can you portray the best and worst aspects of this job?您能描述一下这份工作最好与最坏的方面吗？

7 portrayed   

v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 )；描述；描绘；描画

参考例句：

• Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中，他始终把自己说成是受害者。
• The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 aerobics   

n.健身操，健美操，韵律操

参考例句：

• Doing aerobics is a good way to improve one's health.做有氧健身操是改善健康状况的一个好方法。
• Aren't you going to the aerobics class this morning?今天上午你不是去上有氧运动课吗？