常春藤生活英语【31】给我冰淇淋

On a hot summer day, there is nothing more delicious than ice cream. It is refreshing¹, tasty, and can help cool you down. There are many different flavors³ to choose from and ice cream is something that almost everyone loves. But where did ice cream come from in the first place?

People have long been enjoying ice desserts. The Persians discovered how to store ice so that it would not melt. They were able to keep it frozen⁴ inside a special building even during the hot summer months. This meant that they could enjoy ice treats all year long.

In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sold shaved ice that was mixed with local sweets in the markets of Athens. Some believe that this idea came from cooled wines and different flavored⁵ ices in Persia. Later, shaved ice became popular with Alexander the Great and rich Romans. In AD 62, the Roman Emperor Nero sent slaves to the mountains to collect snow to be flavored with honey and nuts.

在炎热的夏天，没有什么东西比冰淇淋更好吃了。它清凉提神、美味可口，还能助您降温。冰淇淋有许多不同口味可供选择，而且几乎人人都爱。但冰淇淋最初是打哪来的呢？

长久以来，人们一直在享用冰做的点心。波斯人发现不会让冰融化的储存方法。即便在炎炎夏日，他们依旧能够在特制的建筑物内将冰保持在冷冻状态。这意谓着他们一整年都可以享受冰品。

公元前五世纪，希腊人在雅典的市场里贩卖混合了当地甜品的刨冰。有些人认为这个点子是源自波斯的冰镇葡萄酒以及各种不同的调味冰品。之后，刨冰受到亚历山大大帝和罗马富豪的欢迎。公元62年，罗马皇帝尼洛派奴隶上山采集冰雪，再以蜂蜜和坚果调味。

Building Your Vocabulary

1.refreshing　a. 提神的；清凉的
I need a refreshing drink to keep me awake.
我需要一杯清凉的饮料来提神。

2.melt　vi. 融化
I cried because my snowman melted.
我的雪人融化了，我因此嚎啕大哭。

3.freeze　vt. & vi. （使）结冰∕凝固（三态为：freeze, froze, frozen，本文中以过去分词作形容词用。）
This lake usually freezes in the cold winter.
这个湖泊在寒冬中常常结冻。

Phrases for Learning⁶

1.cool...down/cool down...　　使……冷却下来
Resting under a tree can cool you down.
在树下休息一下可以让你凉快一点。

2.in the first place　　起初；首先
I shouldn't have come in the first place.
我一开始就不该来。

3.mix A with B　　混合 A 与 B
This novel mixed history with fiction.
这本小说结合了历史和虚构故事。

参考字词

1.treat　n. 值得享受的事物
2.shaved ice　n. 刨冰
3.sweet　n. 甜食，甜点 & a. 甜的
4.slave　n. 奴隶

Enjoy Box

另类冰淇淋

冰淇淋一直是老少咸宜的甜点，其种类和口味更是多如天上繁星，难以一一细数。以下为您介绍几种较为另类的冰淇淋。近年来，土耳其冰淇淋的摊位开始出现在台湾各大夜市中。以铁桶盛装贩卖的土耳其冰淇淋口味多为简单的牛奶或巧克力，其特别之处在于它的口感，因为里头添加了来自土耳其的树脂配方，所以尝起来有麻糬般的QQ口感。此外，它的黏性超强，因此常可看到贩卖土耳其冰淇淋的老板用一根铁棒黏着冰淇淋，像是变魔术般地玩各式花招，吸引客人的注意。除了土耳其冰淇淋外，炸冰淇淋也是一种有趣的冰淇淋吃法。为了使冰淇淋在油炸时不会融化，冰淇淋需冰冻在超低温的环境下，再裹上面衣快速地油炸一番，等到面衣呈金黄色时就可以大快朵颐。趁热一口咬下，面衣又脆又烫口，里头的冰淇淋又软又冰凉，冷热交替的双重口感相当奇妙。有些餐厅更推出了铁板冰淇淋，将冰淇淋加上酒或是其它配料，放到热腾腾的铁板上翻炒，最后成了冰淇淋糊，颠覆传统的作法造就难以言喻的口感。各种另类冰淇淋吃法不断推陈出新，就看您有没有兴趣试试看。

Tips In Use

There are many different flavors to choose from...
（冰淇淋有许多不同口味可供选择……）
...to be flavored with honey and nuts.
（……再以蜂蜜和坚果调味。）

1.第一句的 flavor² 作名词用，表『味道；口味』。
What flavor of gum⁷ do you want?
（你要什么口味的口香糖？）

2.第二句的 flavor 为及物动词，表『加味于……；使……更有味道』。
The chef flavored the steak with garlic.
（主厨用大蒜为牛排调味。）

注意：
本文的"...different flavored ices in Persia."一句中，是以及物动词 flavor 的过去分词 flavored 作形容词用，表『调味的』。

1 refreshing   

adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的

参考例句：

• I find it'so refreshing to work with young people in this department.我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
• The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing.水很涼，特别解乏提神。

2 flavor   

n.味，滋味，味道；风味；vt.调味，加味于

参考例句：

• I like the flavor of chocolate.我喜欢巧克力的味道。
• Each flavor was totally unique.每一种味道都是独一无二的。

3 flavors   

n.味( flavor的名词复数 )；韵味；特点；香料v.给…调味( flavor的第三人称单数 )；给…增添风趣

参考例句：

• He goes for its full,delicious flavors. I go for its economy. 他欣赏它的浓郁和可口的味道。我则欣赏它的便宜。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The different kinds of quarks or leptons are known technically as flavors. 夸克和轻子的这些个同种类，从技术上看是有特色的。 来自辞典例句

4 frozen   

adj.冻结的，冰冻的

参考例句：

• He was frozen to death on a snowing night.在一个风雪的晚上，他被冻死了。
• The weather is cold and the ground is frozen.天寒地冻。

5 flavored   

v.给…调味( flavor的过去式和过去分词 )；给…增添风趣

参考例句：

• She flavored the fish with sugar and vinegar. 她用糖和醋给鱼调味。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The olives are steeped in flavored oil. 橄榄浸泡在加过香料的油里。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

7 gum   

n.牙龈；口香糖；树胶

参考例句：

• We can stick these pictures into the book with gum.我们可用胶水把这几张画粘贴在书里。
• Americans like to chew gum.美国人喜欢嚼口香糖。