成人高等教育英语教材第四册05

UNIT 5
A Manager Is Wanted
Integrated Skills Development

Passage Managers in Need

There has been an impressive change during the first 30 years after the end of World War II. Those three decades saw an unprecedented¹ growth in the demand for management and professional staff in Britain. This demand sent the education system into top gear. Therefore nearly every pupil capable of reaching the standard for higher education could be assured of a place at university. It was this demand that ensured employment and promotion² for virtually every person who could be engaged in a management career.
Management itself was coming of age, too. Organizations rapidly expanded the employment of specialist professional and managerial staff, often setting up completely new functions according to the management theorists. No longer was management merely a branch of another role; say, a works manager in charge of production, or an accountant with a small army of clerks. Instead, there was a carefully graded rank of junior and middle managers—not to mention all the service departments.
Technology also took a hand. New technologies brought about new skills. Computers replaced clerical jobs with large numbers of technical and managerial posts. More highly qualified³ junior staff were thus needed; and each could look forward to promotion prospects⁵, which were often highly specialized⁶ and confined to a narrow technical function. Moreover, it was a period of economic growth. Companies found it no hardship to fund the management explosion. Indeed, it became a fundamental belief of many companies that steady business growth went hand-in-hand with rapid promotion available to all who showed the necessary merit.
One final factor at work was not so widely recognized. Two world wars and 20 years of depression had lowed the birthrate. The explosion in demand for highly qualified managers was faced with the lowest supply of young men entering the working population in this century. It was a good time to be young, intelligent and ambitious, and a whole generation has built its ideals and expectations on the growth in living standards that a managerial career could guarantee.
Putting the management explosion of 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s into context shows its enormous scale. During the 30 years from 1960s to 1980s, total employment in Britain grew by around 10%. Growth in managerial employment was nearly seven times as great and professional posts increased 11 times as fast. The ideal of full opportunities for all was deeply rooted in management thinking.


New Words and Expressions

accountant
n. 会计

ambitious
a. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的

assure
V. 使确信，向…担保

confine
V. 限制

context
n. （事物等发生的）来龙去脉；（文章的）前后关系

decade
n. 十年

depression
n. 不景气，萧条（期）

engage
V. 使从事于

enormous
a. 巨大的，庞大的

ensure
V. 保证，保证给

explosion
n. 激增；巨变；爆炸

fundamental
a. 基本的

gear
n. （汽车等的）排挡

intelligent
a. 理解力强的；聪明的

junior
a. 资历较浅的

managerial
a. 管理上的

merely
ad. 仅仅，只不过

merit
n. 优点；功绩

population
n. 人口

prospect⁴
n. （常用复数）前景；前程，前途

rank
n. 等级；地位

recognize
V. 认识；承认

root
V. 使扎根；使固定

specialist
n. 专家

specialize
V. 使专门化

steady
a. 稳步的

supply
n. 补给；供应（量）

technology
n. 技术

theorist
n. 理论家

unprecedented
a. 前所未有的

virtually
ad. 实质上；实际上；事实上

a small army of
一小群

be assured of
使…确信

be engaged (in)
从事…

bring about
引导，导致

build...on/upon
依赖，指望；把…建立于

come of age
成熟；到达法定年龄

go hand-in-hand with
和…并进

not to mention
更不必说

take a hand
起作用


Merry Learning

At the dinner table one night, a young boy was telling his parents, who had not had much education, that his schooling⁷ made him smarter than people who had not gone to school.
"How is that?" asked his father.
"Well," said the boy, "I can reason better. For example, tell me how many chickens you think are in that dish."
"There are two," answered the father.
"I can prove there are three," said the boy. He pointed⁸ to the first chicken and said, "Do you agree that this is one?" The father agreed. The boy pointed to the other chicken and asked, "And this is two?" The father again agreed. "Don't one and two make three?" asked the boy.
"Wonderful," answered his father. "You are very clever. Now I'll serve the first chicken to your mother, serve the second to myself, and you can have the third. Is that all right with you?"

1 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

2 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

3 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

4 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

5 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

6 specialized   

adj.专门的，专业化的

参考例句：

• There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
• These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。

7 schooling   

n.教育；正规学校教育

参考例句：

• A child's access to schooling varies greatly from area to area.孩子获得学校教育的机会因地区不同而大相径庭。
• Backward children need a special kind of schooling.天赋差的孩子需要特殊的教育。

8 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。