英语听力文摘 English Digest 655 富兰克林与他的毛皮实验

 　　Ben Franklin And A Very Furry¹ Situation

　　When they hear the name Ben Franklin, many folks think of the Declaration of Independence, the Continental² Congress and things like that. Not as many people remember that Franklin was an inventor . . . and a good one, too! He also did some pioneering work in physics.

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　　Think Fur

　　Sure, sure, you say. You think I’m about to tell that old story about flying a kite in a thunderstorm. I can see you reaching for the knob on your radio. But wait!

　　Forget about the kite and think fur instead. Franklin took some fur and rubbed it across a rubber rod. He had suspended the rod by a thin string. Then he tried it with a glass rod. Then he used silk instead of fur. What was he up to?

　　He was experimenting with electric charge. The glass rod rubbed with silk repelled⁴ another glass rod rubbed with silk. The rubber rod rubbed with fur attracted the glass rod. That’s why he was hanging them by strings⁵; when they are free to move, you can easily see the attraction and repulsion at work.

　　Electrical Charge

　　Nowadays we know that what Franklin was doing was finding different ways to change the net electrical charge on various substances by knocking around electrons. Electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles. Since objects start out with equal amounts positive and negative charge, rubbing electrons off a glass rod with silk will give the glass net positive charge.

　　Franklin didn’t know about electrons, but using only very simple materials, he had shown that opposite charges attract and like charges repel³! He even coined the terms “positive” and “negative.”

　　Not bad for someone who was helping⁶ found new countries in his spare time.

　　富兰克林与他的毛皮实验

　　当人们听到本杰明-富兰克林这个名字时，独立宣言，大陆会议等事件立即浮现在眼前。而作为发明家的富兰克林却不大为人所知。其实他是一名优秀的发明家，并曾在物理学方面做过一些开创性的工作。

　　思考皮毛

　　你连忙说“是是是”，你认为我还是要给你讲老掉牙的电闪雷鸣放风筝的故事。我可以看到你的手伸向电台准备换频道。请等等！

　　忘掉风筝的事情吧，思考一下皮毛。富兰克林拿一些皮毛与一根橡胶棒进行摩擦。他用一根细绳将橡胶棒悬空挂起。然后他用一根玻璃棒又试了一下。然后他用丝巾代替了皮毛。他到底想干什么呢？

　　他在做电荷实验。用丝巾摩擦过的玻璃棒相互排斥，但是皮毛摩擦过的橡胶棒却与玻璃棒相互吸引。这是他将棒子用细绳悬空而挂的原因。当它们可以自由运动时，你很容易就可以看到它们相吸和相斥的场景。

　　电荷

　　如今我们懂得富兰克林实验的目的是通过摩擦电子，通过各种不同的途径在不同的物质上转移电子以改变净电荷。电子是微小的带负电荷的粒子。由于媒介起初带有相等数量的正负电子，玻璃棒与丝巾的摩擦会使得玻璃棒只带有净正电子。

　　富兰克林并不知道电子，但是仅仅使用非常简单的材料，他证明了异性电荷相互吸引，同性电荷相互排斥！他甚至创造了专有名词“正”和“负”。

　　在建立新国家的同时，业余时间做点新鲜事也是个不错的选择。

1 furry   

adj.毛皮的；似毛皮的；毛皮制的

参考例句：

• This furry material will make a warm coat for the winter.这件毛皮料在冬天会是一件保暖的大衣。
• Mugsy is a big furry brown dog,who wiggles when she is happy.马格斯是一只棕色大长毛狗，当她高兴得时候她会摇尾巴。

2 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

3 repel   

v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥

参考例句：

• A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
• Particles with similar electric charges repel each other.电荷同性的分子互相排斥。

4 repelled   

v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开

参考例句：

• They repelled the enemy. 他们击退了敌军。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The minister tremulously, but decidedly, repelled the old man's arm. 而丁梅斯代尔牧师却哆里哆嗦地断然推开了那老人的胳臂。 来自英汉文学 - 红字

5 strings   

n.弦

参考例句：

• He sat on the bed,idly plucking the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上，随意地拨着吉他的弦。
• She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。

6 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。