英语单词大师：Audience Mail

 AA: I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster: we answer some of your mail.

RS: Listener Benny Kusman is from Indonesia, but tells us he is staying in Malaysia. Here is the first of his two questions:

AA: "If I have two books, I should say 'Which one do you want?' and if I have three books, I should say 'Which ones do you like?' Am I right?"RS: You're right. Because what you're really saying is "Which one (of the two books) do you want?" and "Which ones (of the three books) do you like?" But, as happens so often with grammar, there are some exceptions.

AA" Let's look at the logic¹. When you have three books and you say "Which ones do you want?" what are you indicating?

RS: You're saying that the person can choose one, two or all three.

AA: Yes, but what if you want the person to choose only one of the books? Then it would be correct to say "Which one do you like?"RS: On now to Benny's other question: "What's the meaning of 'my alarm went off at 6' -- does it mean yesterday my alarm stopped ringing at 6?"AA: When we say "the alarm went off," what we really mean is that it "went on" -- it started to ring at 6. "Went off" is idiomatic²; it's used in limited circumstances, like with clocks.

RS: It's one of those pesky verb phrases that can keep a person tossing³ and turning all night.

MUSIC: "Tossin' and Turnin'"/Bobby Lewis (1961)... a-tossin' and turnin' all nightJumped out of bedTurned on the lightI pulled down the shadeWent to the kitchen for a biteRolled up the shadeTurned off the lightI jumped back into bedIt was the middle of the night ...

AA: Next, an e-mail from another Indonesian listener, Darwin, from Central Sumatra. "I have questions for you (or Lida Baker⁴) about words which are separated by" -- and here he puts a dash mark -- "i.e. hand-made, world-class, computer-based, well-attended, etc. What is it? Are there any specific rules how to form these words?"RS: We forwarded Darwin's question to our friend Lida Baker the English teacher in Los Angeles. She was recently with us to discuss compounding. Here's the e-mail she sent back:

AA: "The little line is called a "hyphen." It's used in *some* compound structures. There are many rules for using hyphens. In fact, there are so many rules that the only people who know them are professional writers and editors. If you want to learn the rules, you need a book called a style manual, such as the Chicago Manual of Style. However, once again, these books are used mainly by professionals. If you're not a professional writer, you should look in a dictionary whenever you want to write a compound. You can also do an Internet search for 'rules for using hyphens.'

RS: And, Lida says, to narrow your search, you can put quotation⁵ marks around the phrase "rules for using hyphens." Lida says she found several sites with useful information.

AA: Next, we heard from a former listener of ours, an American named Dianne Gray. She's back from Moscow where she lived for several years, and found her language skills in demand, even without training as an English teacher.

DIANNE GRAY: "There were different circumstances that actually led me to it, but I remember probably the first one was a friend had called me and asked if she could bring someone over to practice his English, and that he was going to be -- needed to pass an oral examination for a doctor degree or something. And I actually, at that time, I said 'well, what will I say to him?' But she wanted him to meet a real American. So anyway we did that, and it was kind of fun."RS: "And tell us a little bit about the situations where you taught and what you taught."DIANNE GRAY: "It was basically on a one-to-one basis. Most people, they already knew English and they'd studied it, usually in a university or somehow or other they knew it. In fact, some of my, if you want to say my students, were actually English teachers themselves. And I thought to myself at first, well, how could I possibly help an English teacher? They're the certified⁶ one, they've had like, how many years of education to teach it, and some were actually teaching it. And I guess that they just needed maybe some confidence, the fact that they could do it."AA: Former listener Dianne Gray, who found our programs useful in Moscow and is now back in the States, living in Los Angeles.

RS: And that's Wordmaster for this week. Our e-mail address is [email protected], and our segments⁷ are all online at voanews.com/wordmaster. With Avi Arditti, I'm Rosanne Skirble.

1 logic   

n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性

参考例句：

• What sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑？
• I don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。

2 idiomatic   

adj.成语的，符合语言习惯的

参考例句：

• In our reading we should always be alert for idiomatic expressions.我们在阅读过程中应经常注意惯用法。
• In his lecture,he bore down on the importance of idiomatic usage in a language.他在演讲中着重强调了语言中习惯用法的重要性。

3 tossing   

v.（轻轻或漫不经心地）扔( toss的现在分词 )；（使）摇荡；摇匀；（为…）掷硬币决定

参考例句：

• Poor Joan has been tossing around all night with that fever. 可怜的琼因发烧而一整夜辗转不能入睡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The two boys agreed to decide the matter by tossing a coin. 这两个孩子同意用掷硬币的方法来决定这件事。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 baker   

n.面包师

参考例句：

• The baker bakes his bread in the bakery.面包师在面包房内烤面包。
• The baker frosted the cake with a mixture of sugar and whites of eggs.面包师在蛋糕上撒了一层白糖和蛋清的混合料。

5 quotation   

n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情

参考例句：

• He finished his speech with a quotation from Shakespeare.他讲话结束时引用了莎士比亚的语录。
• The quotation is omitted here.此处引文从略。

6 certified   

a.经证明合格的；具有证明文件的

参考例句：

• Doctors certified him as insane. 医生证明他精神失常。
• The planes were certified airworthy. 飞机被证明适于航行。

7 segments   

部分( segment的名词复数 )； 瓣； [计算机]（字符等的）分段； [动物学]节片

参考例句：

• He is eating oranges in segments. 他正在一瓣瓣地吃橘子。
• Gene cloning provides a means of purifying and propagating specific DNA segments. 基因克隆化提供了一种纯化和扩增特定DNA片段的方法。