生活英语对话 Episode 75: Paul's explanation

本单元是关于Paul 的解释的对话

Alice: Hello?
Paul: Alice, it's Paul. Don't hang up, Alice. Just give me two minutes of your time, that's all I ask.
Alice: Ok Paul, but we haven't got much to talk about. You're married with two kids, end of story.
Paul: Alice, it's over between Lucy and me. It's been over for a long time.
Alice: Paul, I heard you talking to her on the phone. You were telling her you loved her.
Paul: No, Alice, you've got it all wrong. I was talking to my daughter, not my wife. I used to love my wife, of course, but that ended very abruptly¹ when I came home from work, and she calmly announced that she had fallen in love with someone else. So that was it, finished. I moved out the same day.
Alice: Oh Paul?
Paul: Alice, it's you I love


Vocabulary

hang up (v) 挂断电话
to end a telephone call by deliberately² breaking the connection

end of story 指谈话到此为止 when English speakers use this informal phrase, they mean that there is no reason to continue discussing something - there's no more to be said

it's over 分手了,关系结束了
the relationship is finished

abruptly (adv) 突然地
suddenly, without warning

announced 宣布
said something formally, publicly or officially. Paul uses the verb 'announce' to show that his wife did not discuss their separation with him

moved out 搬走
took all his belongings³ and left his home to go and live somewhere else

本单元的语言点是状态副词，状语副词告诉我们事情是如何发生的，请看下面的解释和例句

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of manner 状态副词

Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens.

In this episode⁴ of The Flatmates, Paul says:

'...that ended very abruptly...'.

If we ask: how did it end? - The answer is 'abruptly'.

Paul also says:

'...she calmly announced that she had fallen in love with someone else.'

If we ask: how did she announce it? - The answer is 'calmly'.

Other examples:

He swims fast. How does he swim? fast.
She sings beautifully. How does she sing? beautifully.
I opened the door wide. How did I open the door? wide.
She quickly finished her dinner. How did she finish? quickly.


Was going to: the future in the past 过去未来式(用was going to表示过去未来发生的动作)

Adverbs of manner are usually placed after the main verb.

He swims fast.
She sings beautifully.

It is possible to place the adverb before the verb. This places emphasis⁵ on the adverb.

She calmly announced that she had fallen in love with someone else.
She quickly finished her dinner.

But some adverbs are always placed after the verb.
These adverbs are: well, badly, hard, fast.

The team well played. - WRONG
The team played well. - RIGHT

He performed badly.

The students tried hard. (note: hard is an irregular adverb - don't say hardly)
The dogs ran fast. (note: fast is an irregular adverb - don't say fastly)


Adverbs of manner -verbs with objects 动词带宾语时的状态副词使用

If the verb has an object, the adverb of manner is usually placed after the object, not between the verb and object.

I opened wide the door.- WRONG
I opened the door wide. - RIGHT

He ate the chocolate cake greedily. She typed the email hurriedly.

However, it is still possible to place the adverb before the verb, to emphasise⁶ the adverb.

He greedily ate the chocolate cake. She hurriedly typed the email.


Adverbs of manner -beginning position 用在句首的状态副词

Some writers put an adverb of manner at the beginning of a sentence, to catch the reader's attention and make him/her curious:

Slowly, carefully, she opened the box.

This use of adverb position makes the reader want to find out more. What is in the box? Why did she open it slowly and carefully?

Adverbs of manner -more than one verb 多动词时的状态副词使用
When there is more than one verb in a clause⁷, the position of the adverb is very important. If it is placed with the verb, it modifies⁸ the action described by the verb. If it is placed at the end of the clause, it describes the manner of the whole action described in the clause.

Compare:
She slowly decided⁹ to leave the party. = slowly modifies decided.
She decided to leave the party slowly. = slowly modifies leave the party.

The teacher quietly asked the children to finish their game. = quietly modifies asked.
The teacher asked the children to finish their game quietly. = quietly modifies finish (their game).


Adverb modifiers 副词修饰语 - a bit, quite, most, fairly, very, extremely
You can give more information about most adverbs of manner by using a word such as:
a bit
quite
most
fairly
really
very
extremely

These words are always placed before the adverb.

Very carefully, she carried the baby upstairs. She carried the baby upstairs very carefully. She very carefully carried the baby upstairs.

He finished his homework really quickly.


Common adverbs of manner 常用状态副词

 

1 abruptly   

adv.突然地，出其不意地

参考例句：

• He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
• I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。

2 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

3 belongings   

n.私人物品，私人财物

参考例句：

• I put a few personal belongings in a bag.我把几件私人物品装进包中。
• Your personal belongings are not dutiable.个人物品不用纳税。

4 episode   

n.（作品的一段）情节，插曲，系列事件中之一

参考例句：

• The episode was a huge embarrassment for all concerned.这段小插曲令所有有关人员都感到非常尴尬。
• This episode remains sharply engraved on my mind.这段经历至今仍深深地铭刻在我的心中。

5 emphasis   

n.强调，重点，重要性

参考例句：

• The emphasis has shifted markedly in recent years.最近几年重点已经明显改变了。
• Particular emphasis will be placed on oral language training.将会特别强调口语训练。

6 emphasise   

vt.加强...的语气，强调，着重

参考例句：

• What special feature do you think I should emphasise? 你认为我该强调什么呢？
• The exercises heavily emphasise the required readings.练习非常强调必须的阅读。

7 clause   

n.（正式文件或法律文件的）条款，从句，分句

参考例句：

• The sentence consists of a main clause and a subordinate clause.这句中有一个主句和一个从句。
• What clause do you require in the contract?你要求在合同中订上什么条款？

8 modifies   

v.修改，更改( modify的第三人称单数 )；改变；修饰；缓和

参考例句：

• In "the black cat"the adjective "black" modifies the noun "cat". 在the black cat这一词组中，形容词black修饰名词cat。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Such extraction modifies the whole cell-membrance network throughout the wool fiber. 这种萃取改变了整个毛纤维中所有细胞膜的网状结构。 来自辞典例句

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。