全国公共英语等级考试四级 f1

　　[00:00.00]Part B  You will hear a lecture about child development.
[00:07.13]Answer questions 6--10 while you listen.
[00:12.33]Use not more than 8 words for each answer.
[00:18.13]You will hear the recording¹ twice.
[00:22.02]You now have 25 seconds to read the questions.
[00:27.51]1.Who is the speaker talking to?(  )
[00:29.52]2.What is the main topic of this talk?(  )
[00:31.50]3.When do children first begin to make language-like noises?()
[00:33.52]4.At what age do most children begin to master the basics of grammar?( )
[00:35.50]5.What does the speaker say about the grammatical mistakes
[00:37.51]that four-year-olds make?( )
[00:40.80]Now,in the last few minutes of class.
[00:45.11]I'd like to address a slightly different issue:
[00:49.71]the question of how children learn to talk.
[00:54.31]Learning to speak their own language
[00:58.31]is one of children's greatest accomplishments²,
[01:02.72]yet it is a somewhat mysterious process.
[01:07.60]Children first begin to make language-like noises
[01:12.52]when they are between two and four months old.
[01:17.30]These noises generally begin with the letters 'g'and 'k'
[01:22.99]and because these sounds -- "goo" and "koo"
[01:28.29]--are the easiest sounds for infant mouths to make.
[01:33.57]Between four months and eight months,
[01:37.75]infants begin to babble³ meaningless syllables⁴.
[01:42.77]Most common are those beginning with p,b,d,m,.or n sounds,
[01:51.26]followed by a vowel⁵ sound.
[01:55.04]Parents sometimes misinterpret these as actual words,such as mama or dada.
[02:03.04]Between six months and a year,babies say their first true words.
[02:09.54]Vocabulary grows slowly at first, usually only a few words a month,
[02:16.33]but once child has learned about Fifty words
[02:21.14]-- generally around 18 months--the pace picks up rapidly.
[02:27.23]At first,children say single words;
[02:32.03]then they begin forming two-word combinations:
[02:37.34]"all gone.""more milk," "see doggie."
[02:42.74]Children's two word combinations are so similar the world over
[02:49.04]that they read like translations of one another.
[02:53.92]Between the age of two and three,
[02:58.23]children can form complete sentences and have mastered the basis of grammar.
[03:05.13]Can you believe it?
[03:07.92]A two-and-a-half-year-old toddler is a grammatical genius
[03:14.22]and all without studying a single rule!
[03:19.00]Typically,four-year-olds know some 15,000 words
[03:25.01]and can form very sophisticated sentences.
[03:29.82]Even their mistakes are very logical:
[03:34.49]"I saw two mans" or "We goed to gramma's house."
[03:41.07]So,how does this all happen?
[03:45.28]Well,there are several conflicting theories about language acquisition
[03:51.78]but unfortunately,
[03:54.79]there just isn't time to discuss them today,
[03:59.57]so we'll take them up in Wednesday's class.
[04:03.96]In the meantime,please read Chapter Eight in your textbook.
[04:09.44]See you Wednesday.
[04:12.32]1.Who is the speaker talking to?( )
[04:14.30]2.What is the main topic of this talk?( )
[04:16.29]3.When do children first begin to make language-like noises?()
[04:18.27]4.At what age do most children begin to master the basics of grammar?( )
[04:20.28]5.What does the speaker say about the grammatical mistakes
[04:22.27]that four-year-olds make?()
[04:25.27]Now you will hear the recording again.
[04:29.37]Now,in the last few minutes of class.
[04:33.68]I'd like to address a slightly different issue:
[04:38.28]the question of how children learn to talk.
[04:42.67]Learning to speak their own language
[04:47.16]is one of children's greatest accomplishments,
[04:51.66]yet it is a somewhat mysterious process.
[04:56.54]Children first begin to make language-like noises
[05:01.95]when they are between two and four months old.
[05:06.55]These noises generally begin with the letters 'g' and 'k'
[05:13.26]because these sounds -- "goo" and "koo"
[05:18.64]-- are the easiest sounds for infant mouths to make.
[05:23.94]Between four months and eight months,
[05:28.15]infants begin to babble meaningless syllables.
[05:33.06]Most common are those beginning with p,b,d,m,.or n sounds,
[05:41.66]followed by a vowel sound.
[05:45.34]Parents sometimes misinterpret these as actual words,such as mama or dada.
[05:53.41]Between six months and a year,babies say their first true words.
[05:59.89]Vocabulary grows slowly at first,usually only a few words a month,
[06:06.71]but once child has learned about Fifty words
[06:11.49]--generally around 18 months--the pace picks up rapidly.
[06:17.57]At first,children say single words;
[06:22.38]then they begin forming two-word combinations:"all gone."
[06:28.47]"more milk," "see doggie."
[06:32.67]Children's two word combinations are so similar the world over
[06:38.97]that they read like translations of one another.
[06:43.96]Between the age of two and three,
[06:48.14]children can form complete sentences
[06:52.55]and have mastered the basis of grammar.
[06:56.84]Can you believe it?
[06:59.71]A two-and-a-half- year-old toddler is a grammatical genius
[07:05.59]and all without studying a single rule!
[07:10.29]Typically,four-year-olds know some 15,000 words
[07:16.30]and can form very sophisticated sentences.
[07:21.10]Even their mistakes are very logical:
[07:25.78]"I saw two mans" or "We goed to gramma's house."
[07:32.08]So,how does this all happen?
[07:36.25]Well,there are several conflicting theories about language acquisition
[07:42.63]but unfortunately,
[07:45.71]there just isn't time to discuss them today,
[07:50.52]so we'll take them up in Wednesday's class.
[07:54.80]In the meantime,please read Chapter Eight in your textbook.
[08:00.29]See you Wednesday.
[08:03.29]Question 6-10 according to Part B
[08:05.28]6.Who is the speaker talking to?(  )
[08:07.21]7.What is the main topic of this talk?(  )
[08:09.22]8.When do children first begin to make language-like noises?(  )
[08:11.21]9.At what age do most children begin to master the basics of grammar?(  )
[08:13.22]10.What does the speaker say about the grammatical mistakes
[08:15.20]that four-year-olds make?(  )
[08:19.20]This is the end of Part B.

1 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

2 accomplishments   

n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就

参考例句：

• It was one of the President's greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成就之一。
• Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing. 她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

3 babble   

v.含糊不清地说，胡言乱语地说，儿语

参考例句：

• No one could understand the little baby's babble. 没人能听懂这个小婴孩的话。
• The babble of voices in the next compartment annoyed all of us.隔壁的车厢隔间里不间歇的嘈杂谈话声让我们都很气恼。

4 syllables   

n.音节( syllable的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a word with two syllables 双音节单词
• 'No. But I'll swear it was a name of two syllables.' “想不起。不过我可以发誓，它有两个音节。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记

5 vowel   

n.元音；元音字母

参考例句：

• A long vowel is a long sound as in the word"shoe ".长元音即如“shoe” 一词中的长音。
• The vowel in words like 'my' and 'thigh' is not very difficult.单词my和thigh中的元音并不难发。