工商管理英语Chapter11 生产管理

　　[00:00.00]inventory¹    n.
[00:00.59]清单
[00:01.18]liter   n.
[00:01.65]公升
[00:02.12]recommend    vt.
[00:02.82]推荐
[00:03.53]furnace    n.
[00:04.05]火炉
[00:04.57]cable    n.
[00:05.09]电缆
[00:05.62]material    n.
[00:06.22]材料
[00:06.82]wrapping   a.    n.
[00:07.31]包装用的,    包装纸
[00:07.81]A:Let's go through the inventory then.
[00:09.08]我们先来审查一下库存清单吧。
[00:10.34]Let's start with fuel first liquid gas?
[00:11.85]从燃料开始先看液化气好吧？
[00:13.35]B:We've got about 200 litres.
[00:14.24]我们有200升左右。
[00:15.12]The recommended stock level is 400.
[00:16.61]推荐库存量是400。
[00:18.10]A:So we've got too little.
[00:19.08]因此我们的存量太少。
[00:20.06]Better put an order in.
[00:21.00]最好再订购一些。
[00:21.94]The other fuel is coal for the furnace?
[00:23.76]另一种燃料是熔炉用煤吧？
[00:25.57]B:About 50 tons.
[00:26.45]大概有50吨。
[00:27.32]Recommended level is 30.
[00:28.40]推荐储存量是30吨。
[00:29.47]A:A bit too much,then run the stocks down over the next week.
[00:31.66]那就是太多了些，下星期要降低煤的库存量。
[00:33.85]Now then,what about spare parts?
[00:35.34]那么备用件怎么样？
[00:36.83]We're always running short of cable.
[00:38.15]我们的电缆总是短缺。
[00:39.47]B:Let me just see what we've got...about 30 meters in stock.
[00:41.43]我来看看还有多少……还存有30米左右。
[00:43.39]A:Is that enough?
[00:44.07]够用吗？
[00:44.75]B:No,manybe a bit too little.I'll order some more.
[00:47.12]不够，可能太少了一些。我将再订购一些。
[00:49.50]A:What about pipes?
[00:50.25]管子情况怎么样？
[00:50.99]B:Well,we've got 25.That's plenty.Probably too many.
[00:54.65]嗯，我们存有25根。足够了。可能太多了。
[00:58.31]A:OK.Now let's move on to the packing material.First,boxes?
[01:01.62]好，现在来查看一下包装材料。第一，包装箱情况怎么样？
[01:04.94]B:About 400 in stock,too few I think for this time of year.
[01:07.17]库里存有400个左右，对一年中的这个时节我认为太少。
[01:09.41]I'll put them on order.
[01:10.16]我将把它们写进订货单里。
[01:10.92]A:And how much wrapping paper is we carrying?
[01:12.70]那我们还有多少包装纸呢？
[01:14.48]B:About one ton.Slightly too little.
[01:15.91]大概有1吨。稍微少了一点儿。
[01:17.35]A:OK.And how many pallets for stacking?
[01:19.10]行。运货托架有多少？
[01:20.85]B:That's a problem.We've had difficulties getting them back.We've far too few at the moment.
[01:24.61]这还是个问题呢。回收货架一直很难。目前短缺很多。
[01:28.37]A:Um...we'll have to do something about that.
[01:29.99]嗯……我们得采取点措施才行。
[01:31.61]input   n.   vt.
[01:32.23]输入，输入
[01:32.84]output    n.
[01:33.39]输出
[01:33.94]planning    vt.
[01:34.46]规划
[01:34.98]equipment   n.
[01:35.57]设备
[01:36.16]cash    n.   vt.
[01:36.64]现金,  兑现
[01:37.12]demand   n.    vt.
[01:37.71]要求，要求
[01:38.30]capacity   n.
[01:39.10]容量
[01:39.89]responsibility    n.
[01:40.81]责任
[01:41.72]project  n.
[01:42.35]方案
[01:42.97]jobbing
[01:43.52]单件生产
[01:44.07]batch²   n.
[01:44.67]一批，批量生产
[01:45.27]line    n.
[01:45.84]行，流水线生产
[01:46.40]Production management and operations management describes the same set of tasks.
[01:49.75]生产管理和经营管理这两个词所描述的是同类任务。
[01:53.11]Both are concerned with managing those resources of an enterprise that are required to produce and distribute the goods or services to be sold to consumers or other organizations.
[02:00.54]二者都是涉及企业对生产销售给顾客或者其他机构的商品或者服务所需要的资源的管理。
[02:07.97]Production management and operations management describes the same set of tasks.
[02:11.19]生产管理和经营管理这两个词所描述的是同类任务。
[02:14.40]operations management
[02:15.37]生产管理、经营管理
[02:16.33]Most organizations provide and sell a mix of products and services.
[02:18.70]大多数企业所提供给人们的是产品和服务的混和体。
[02:21.06]The provision of a service or production of a product is the principal responsibility of operations.
[02:25.21]经营活动的主要职责就是提供产品的服务和生产。
[02:29.37]The operations function is typically responsible for some 80 percent of all the costs incurred³ by a business.
[02:33.48]生产活动占用了企业80%的成本。
[02:37.60]The basic task in operations is to take inputs⁴ in the form of resources and convert them into outputs in the form of products and services.
[02:43.11]生产的基本任务就是将输入的资源转换为输出的产品或服务。
[02:48.62]Given the high level of costs involved,the operations function also has a prime role in managing the money flow.
[02:53.96]假如成本很高，那么流动资金的管理也将是生产管理的一项主要任务。
[02:59.30]Within operations there exists a substantial portion of two key elements of successful business_profits through the control of costs,and cash flow through planning decisions and lead time control.
[03:06.48]成功的生产经营主要取决于两个因素通过控制成本以提高利润和通过决策及控制资金周转时间以获取流动资金。
[03:13.65]Functions exist primarily to help fulfill⁵ the role of selling and providing customers with a company's products and services at an acceptable level of profit.
[03:19.56]职能部门存在的主要作用就是保证在一定利润水平上向顾客提供产品和服务。
[03:25.48]Design not only concerns functionality but also has a critical impact on product/service costs.
[03:30.02]设计不仅要关心产品或服务的功能，而且还要考虑它们的成本。
[03:34.57]The concept of standardization⁶ concerns using the same materials,components,subassemblies and/or modules⁷ within the design of two or more product/services.
[03:40.70]标准化是指在设计两种以上的产品或服务时，使用相同的材料、零部件或相同的模式。
[03:46.82]The increasing level of product/service diversification⁸ is an important factor in today's increasingly competitive markets.
[03:51.12]产品或服务的多样化是当今日益激烈的市场竞争的一个重要因素。
[03:55.42]The operations process concerns transforming inputs into out_puts and is accomplished⁹ by a combination of labor¹⁰ and processes/equipment within the delivery system.
[04:02.14]生产过程是把投入转换成产出的过程，它是通过劳动力和过程工艺或设备在产出系统中的结合来完成的。
[04:08.87]Organizations that sell large_scale,complex products or services which cannot be physically¹¹ moved once completed will normally provide these on a project basis.
[04:15.43]企业通常以专项工程的形式，提供大规模的复杂产品或服务，这种复杂产品或服务一旦生成，就不能再移动。
[04:21.98]A jobbing process is chosen to meet the one_off or small_order requirements of customers.
[04:25.29]零工生产过程工艺是为了满足顾客一次性或少量订货的要求。
[04:28.59]The word customized refers to a product/service which is made to a customer's specification¹².
[04:32.08]“定做”一词指的是按照顾客要求的规格制作产品或提供服务。
[04:35.57]In a batch process,similar items required in larger volumes than in a jobbing process,will be provided.
[04:40.05]大批量的生产过程需要生产过程相同的，比零工生产数量更大的产品。
[04:44.53]The essential characteristic of line(compared to batch),is that to produce another product or provide another service,the process does not have to be stopped and reset¹³.
[04:50.73]流水线的基本特征（与批量生产相比）是在生产或提供另一种产品或服务时，生产过程不必停下来再重新启动。
[04:56.93]With continuous processing,one or several basic materials are processed through successive stages and refined into one or more products,for example,petrochemicals.
[05:03.48]在连续加工生产过程中，一种或几种基础材料经过一系列连续的加工阶段后，制成一种或几种产品，比如石油化工产品。
[05:10.02]With increases in volume,an organization will start to move from low_volume to high_volume markets.
[05:13.89]随着产量的增加，企业将从低份额市场向高份额市场运动。
[05:17.75]In project and jobbing processes the nature of the task tends to involve unique,variable operations providing flexible responses.
[05:23.27]在专项工程和零工式生产过程工艺中，要求能对独特的、变化的生产经营活动做出灵活的反应。
[05:28.78]Many companies have developed hybrid¹⁴ processes,the reason for which is to provide a process which better reflects the needs in terms of being able to support the characteristics of their markets.
[05:36.16]许多企业都已发展了复合过程，以便更好地满足顾客在这些方面的需求，从而维持它们的市场特色。
[05:43.54]Although each hybrid format¹⁵ will comprise a mix of two process types,it will still be classified as belonging to one or the other.
[05:49.00]尽管每种复合形式都由两种过程工艺类型复合而成，它将仍然归属于其中一种过程工艺。
[05:54.46]In manufacturing,customers are invariably separated from the production system through,for example,inventory and the wholesale/retail system.
[05:59.82]在生产活动中，顾客和生产系统是分开的，比如库存和批发/零售机制中就是这样。
[06:05.19]In a service/delivery system the provider and customer are invariably linked at the point of provision.
[06:09.14]在服务或送货系统中，服务者和顾客在供应环节上始终是联为一体的。
[06:13.08]Capacity decision is a critical aspect of operations management due to the constraints¹⁶ it may impose on other planning activities.
[06:18.08]由于生产能力决策可能会限制其他计划活动，因此它是生产管理中的一个关键因素。
[06:23.09]Demand forecasting is difficult.No matter which method is used,it will not be accurate.
[06:25.84]需求预测是很难的，不管用哪种方法，预测结果都不会非常精确。
[06:28.60]When planning ahead,coping with inaccuracy is better than having no forecast at all.
[06:31.72]提前进行计划来消除预测误差总比根本没有预测要好些。
[06:34.84]A prerequisite¹⁷ for capacity planning is a statement of demand.
[06:37.01]生产能力计划的一个前提是了解需求。
[06:39.18]A prerequisite for capacity planning is a statement of demand.
[06:41.42]生产能力计划的一个前提是了解需求。
[06:43.67]capacity planning
[06:44.40]能力计划
[06:45.13]The perishable¹⁸ nature of service capacity has led some organizations to overbook on purpose in order to ensure that the capacity is used as much as possible.
[06:51.06]服务能力的暂时性使得一些公司超额预定生产力，以保证生产能力尽可能的充分利用。
[06:56.99]Operations control concerns meeting a company's short_term specific plans.
[06:59.96]生产控制的目的是实现企业的短期计划。
[07:02.92]The key element of the control task for a continuous system is one of providing the materials needed to complete the products involved.
[07:07.90]对连续系统进行控制管理的关键是提供完成有关产品所需要的材料。
[07:12.88]The key to reducing inventory is based on knowing why the current levels exist,changing the rules/procedures which caused this excessive build_up and then,over time,draining off the unwanted inventory while allowing only agreed additions to be made.
[07:23.95]减少库存的关键在于：了解处于现有库存水平的原因，改变导致库存过量的规划/程序，再逐步地消化不需要的库存，同时只允许一定量的库存增加。
[07:35.03]The concept of quality concerns how well and for how long a product/service meets the requirements of the customer.
[07:40.11]质量是指产品或服务在多大程度上和多长时间里满足顾客的需求。

1 inventory   

n.详细目录，存货清单

参考例句：

• Some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
• We will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。

2 batch   

n.一批(组，群)；一批生产量

参考例句：

• The first batch of cakes was burnt.第一炉蛋糕烤焦了。
• I have a batch of letters to answer.我有一批信要回复。

3 incurred   

[医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式

参考例句：

• She had incurred the wrath of her father by marrying without his consent 她未经父亲同意就结婚，使父亲震怒。
• We will reimburse any expenses incurred. 我们将付还所有相关费用。

4 inputs   

n.输入( input的名词复数 )；投入；输入端；输入的数据v.把…输入电脑( input的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Uncheck the inputs checked for optimization in the previous stage. 不测试那些已经测试过的优化了的以前步骤的inputs.（变量参数）。 来自互联网
• Just in case, save in a file the inputs obtained at the previous stage. 以防万一，保存以前步骤获得的inputs（变量参数值）到一个文件中去。 来自互联网

5 fulfill   

vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意

参考例句：

• If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
• This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。

6 standardization   

n.标准化

参考例句：

• Standardization of counseling techniques is obviously impossible. 很清楚，要想使研讨方法标准化是不可能的。
• In Britain, progress towards standardization was much slower. 在英国，向标准化进展要迟缓得多。

7 modules   

n.模块( module的名词复数 )；单元；（宇宙飞船上各个独立的）舱；组件

参考例句：

• The course consists of ten core modules and five optional modules. 这门课程包括十个必修单元和五个选修单元。
• Our English course is divided into modules on poetry, drama, and novels. 我们的英语课分为诗歌、戏剧和小说等单元。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 diversification   

n.变化，多样化；多种经营

参考例句：

• The seminar was to discuss diversification of agriculture. 该研讨会讨论的是农业多种经营。 来自辞典例句
• Firm diversification is increasingly achieved by the means of takeover and merger. 通过接管和兼并，厂商经营范围日益多样化。 来自辞典例句

9 accomplished   

adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的

参考例句：

• Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
• Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

10 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

11 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

12 specification   

n.详述；[常pl.]规格，说明书，规范

参考例句：

• I want to know his specification of details.我想知道他对细节的详述。
• Examination confirmed that the quality of the products was up to specification.经检查，产品质量合格。

13 reset   

v.重新安排，复位；n.重新放置；重放之物

参考例句：

• As soon as you arrive at your destination,step out of the aircraft and reset your wristwatch.你一到达目的地，就走出飞机并重新设置手表时间。
• He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.他做了一个手臂复位手术，正在恢复。

14 hybrid   

n.(动，植）杂种，混合物

参考例句：

• That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
• The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。

15 format   

n.设计，版式；[计算机]格式，DOS命令:格式化(磁盘)，用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据；v.使格式化，设计，安排

参考例句：

• Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
• The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。

16 constraints   

强制( constraint的名词复数 )； 限制； 约束

参考例句：

• Data and constraints can easily be changed to test theories. 信息库中的数据和限制条件可以轻易地改变以检验假设。 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
• What are the constraints that each of these imply for any design? 这每种产品的要求和约束对于设计意味着什么？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

17 prerequisite   

n.先决条件；adj.作为前提的，必备的

参考例句：

• Stability and unity are a prerequisite to the four modernizations.安定团结是实现四个现代化的前提。
• It is a prerequisite of entry to the profession that you pass the exams.做这一行的先决条件是要通过了有关的考试。

18 perishable   

adj.（尤指食物）易腐的，易坏的

参考例句：

• Many fresh foods are highly perishable.许多新鲜食物都极易腐败。
• Fruits are perishable in transit.水果在运送时容易腐烂。