胡敏读故事记单词托福词汇212

　　212. Suing the city council控告市议会 subsist¹-suited
“Thanks to suburbanization², sufficient attention has not been paid to our cities. What little attention there has been has not been substantive³. That’s why I’m suing the city government.” Grant Franks seemed suited for the task. The son of 60’s radicals⁴, he’s now a lawyer, railing against big business and a city government that willfully plays along. “Am I subversive⁵?” He asks. “No, it’s the government that’s been subverting⁷ the people. Three successive city councils have acted in subterranean⁸ fashion, so subtle and cunning. They’ve suffused¹⁰ the suburbs with big businesses while they’ve failed to provide substantial aid to meet the basic subsistence needs of city dwellers¹¹. The citizens have silently succumbed¹³ to this sort of chicanery¹⁴. I’m sorry, but that doesn’t suit me at all. I just don’t find that situation suitable.”
He claims his suit is not against suburbanites per se, but rather it is against those who seek to eradicate¹⁶ city life altogether by substituting one version of life for another. “We need a balance. Let’s take elementary subtraction¹⁷ as an example. To be succinct¹⁸, if you have six on one side and give away three to another, balance remains¹⁹. If you take two more, the original side is left with only one. You have to add two back to the original side to retain balance. But the city council only sees the subtractive²⁰ element when it comes to cities. Take away from the city and give to the suburbs. When so much has been taken away, how can city folks subsist anymore?”
Critics of Mr. Franks point out that he fails to substantiate²¹ many of his claims and exaggerates when he speaks of the city council. For example, on one occasion, Mr. Franks spoke²² of the council as “dictators.” But citizens are quick to point out that due to suffrage²³, no dictatorship exists. The case is set to begin in court next Tuesday.
subsist vi.活下去,生存
subsistence n.生存,生计,存活
substantial adj.相当的,可观的,坚固的
substantiate vt.证实,加强
substantive adj.真正的,实际的,有实质的
substitute vt.代替n.代替者,代替品
subterranean adj.地下的,地表下的
subtle adj.微妙的,细微的
subtraction n.减少,减法
subtractive adj.减去的,负的
suburb n.郊区
suburbanite¹⁵ n.郊区居民
suburbanization n.近郊化,郊区建造
subversive adj.颠覆性的,破坏性的
subvert⁶ vt.颠覆,推翻
successive adj.连续的,相继的
succinct adj.简明的,简洁的
succumb¹² vi.屈服,屈从
sue v.向…请求,请愿,提出诉讼,控告
sufficient adj.足够的,充足的
suffrage n.选举权,投票权
suffuse⁹ v.(色彩等)弥漫,充满
suit vt.适合,适应
suitable adj.适当的,相配的
suited adj.适合的,匹配的

1 subsist   

vi.生存，存在，供养

参考例句：

• We are unable to subsist without air and water.没有空气和水我们就活不下去。
• He could subsist on bark and grass roots in the isolated island.在荒岛上他只能靠树皮和草根维持生命。

2 suburbanization   

郊区城市化

参考例句：

• The population suburbanization is a new trend in the population development of big cities in our country. 人口郊区化是我国大城市人口发展的新动向。
• Suburbanization and counter-urbanization are two concepts of similarities as well as differences. 郊区化与逆城市化是既有联系又有区别的两个概念，逆城市化是郊区化的升级版本。

3 substantive   

adj.表示实在的；本质的、实质性的；独立的；n.实词，实名词；独立存在的实体

参考例句：

• They plan to meet again in Rome very soon to begin substantive negotiations.他们计划不久在罗马再次会晤以开始实质性的谈判。
• A president needs substantive advice,but he also requires emotional succor. 一个总统需要实质性的建议，但也需要感情上的支持。

4 radicals   

n.激进分子( radical的名词复数 )；根基；基本原理；[数学]根数

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals. 一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The worry is that the radicals will grow more intransigent. 现在人们担忧激进分子会变得更加不妥协。 来自辞典例句

5 subversive   

adj.颠覆性的，破坏性的；n.破坏份子，危险份子

参考例句：

• She was seen as a potentially subversive within the party.她被看成党内潜在的颠覆分子。
• The police is investigating subversive group in the student organization.警方正调查学生组织中的搞颠覆阴谋的集团。

6 subvert   

v.推翻；暗中破坏；搅乱

参考例句：

• The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government.反叛军队企图颠覆政府统治。
• They tried to subvert our state and our Party. This is the crux of the matter.他们是要颠覆我们的国家，颠覆我们的党，这是问题的实质。

7 subverting   

v.颠覆，破坏（政治制度、宗教信仰等）( subvert的现在分词 )；使（某人）道德败坏或不忠

参考例句：

• This viewpoint sees the Multinational Corporation as capable of circumventing or subverting national objectives and policies. 这种观点认为，跨国公司能够遏制和破坏国家的目标和政策。 来自辞典例句
• By simply subverting an expectation, a novelist can undermine a prejudice. 藉由完全推翻期待，一个小说家可以逐渐破坏一种歧视。 来自互联网

8 subterranean   

adj.地下的，地表下的

参考例句：

• London has 9 miles of such subterranean passages.伦敦像这样的地下通道有9英里长。
• We wandered through subterranean passages.我们漫游地下通道。

9 suffuse   

v.(色彩等)弥漫，染遍

参考例句：

• A dull red flush suffused Selby's face.塞尔比的脸庞泛起了淡淡的红晕。
• The evening sky was suffused with crimson.黄昏时分天空红霞灿灿。

10 suffused   

v.（指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满( suffuse的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Her face was suffused with colour. 她满脸通红。
• Her eyes were suffused with warm, excited tears. 她激动地热泪盈眶。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

11 dwellers   

n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes. 城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They have transformed themselves into permanent city dwellers. 他们已成为永久的城市居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 succumb   

v.屈服，屈从；死

参考例句：

• They will never succumb to the enemies.他们决不向敌人屈服。
• Will business leaders succumb to these ideas?商业领袖们会被这些观点折服吗？

13 succumbed   

不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）( succumb的过去式和过去分词 )； 屈从； 被压垮； 死

参考例句：

• The town succumbed after a short siege. 该城被围困不久即告失守。
• After an artillery bombardment lasting several days the town finally succumbed. 在持续炮轰数日后，该城终于屈服了。

14 chicanery   

n.欺诈，欺骗

参考例句：

• We will continue to see such chicanery in the future.在往后的日子我们仍将看到这样的骗局持续上演。
• Why do you give me so much chicanery as a explanation?你为什么给我那么多狡辩的解释？

15 suburbanite   

n. 郊区居民

参考例句：

• Which ups the odds a mosquito a suburbanite may have recently a bird carrying the virus. 因此一只嗡嗡飞向市郊居民的蚊子，刚刚叮过带有病毒的鸟的可能性就增加了。

16 eradicate   

v.根除，消灭，杜绝

参考例句：

• These insects are very difficult to eradicate.这些昆虫很难根除。
• They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。

17 subtraction   

n.减法，减去

参考例句：

• We do addition and subtraction in arithmetic.在算术里,我们作加减运算。
• They made a subtraction of 50 dollars from my salary.他们从我的薪水里扣除了五十美元。

18 succinct   

adj.简明的，简洁的

参考例句：

• The last paragraph is a succinct summary.最后这段话概括性很强。
• A succinct style lends vigour to writing.措辞简练使文笔有力。

19 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

20 subtractive   

adj.负的；减法的

参考例句：

• The result is a subtractive number.结果是负数。
• Complementary to the three additive light primaries,there are three subtractive primaries.与加色法三原色互为补色的颜色为减色法三原色。

21 substantiate   

v.证实；证明...有根据

参考例句：

• There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.这些主张几乎找不到科学依据来证实。
• These theories are used to substantiate the relationship between the phenomenons of the universe.这些学说是用来证实宇宙现象之间的关系。

22 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

23 suffrage   

n.投票，选举权，参政权

参考例句：

• The question of woman suffrage sets them at variance.妇女参政的问题使他们发生争执。
• The voters gave their suffrage to him.投票人都投票选他。