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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
TEXT
Asimov explains why there is much more in intelligence than just being able to score high on intelligence tests.
What Is Intelligence, Anyway?
Isaac Asimor
What is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude1 test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a nig fuss over me. (It didn't mean anything. The next day I was still a buck2 private with KP as my highest duty.)
All my life I've been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent3 feeling that I'm highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, don't such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy4 of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests - people with intellectual bents similar to mine?
For instance, I had an auto6-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles7 - and he always fixed9 my car.
Well, then, suppose my auto-repair man devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, I'd prove myself a moron10. And I'd be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined11 by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation12 is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist13 itself on the rest of us as an arbiter14 of such matters.
Consider my auto-repair man, again. He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me. One time he raised his head from under the automobile15 hood16 to say: "Doc, a deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. He put two fingers together on the counter and made hammering motions with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He shook his head and pointed17 to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk brought him nails. He picked out the sizes he wanted, and left. Well, doc, the next guy who came in was a blind man. He wanted scissors. How do you suppose he asked for them?"
I lifted my right hand and made scissoring motions with my first two fingers. Whereupon my auto-repair man laughed heartily18 and said, "Why, you dumb fool, he used his voice and asked for them." Then he said, smugly, "I've been trying that on all my customers today." "Did you catch many?" I asked. "Quite a few," he said, "but I knew for sure I'd catch you." "Why is that?" I asked. "Because you're so goddamned educated, doc, I know you couldn't be very smart."
And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.
NEW WORDS
aptitude
n. natural ability or skill 能力，才能
normal
n. the usual state or level 正常的状态或水平
figure
n. 数字
fuss
n. unnecessary expression of excitement, anger, impatience19, etc. 大惊小怪
buck private
n. (sl.) common soldier of the lowest rank 列兵
KP (abbr)
kitchen police (a military duty of helping20 the cooks prepare and serve the food, wash the dishes, and clean up the kitchen) 炊事值勤（员）
register
vt. achieve; write in a list or record 取得；登记
complacent
a. self-satisfactory; pleased with oneself 自满的；自鸣得意的
highly
ad. to a great degree; very
simply
ad. just; only 仅仅；只不过
academic
a. scholarly, theoretical, not practical; of a college or university 学术的，学究的；学院的
worthy (of)
a. deserving 值得的
bent5
n. natural tendency or inclination21 嗜好，倾向
similar
a. alike; of the same sort 类似的
auto
n. (short for) automobile 汽车
estimate
n. judgment22 or opinion about how much, how many, how good, etc. 估计
grant
vt. give or allow (what is asked for) 授予；准予
hasten
vi. go fast; be quick 赶快；急忙
explore
vt. search or examine thoroughly23 探索；探究
vitals
n. essential parts of anything; the main bodily organs 主要部件；（人体的）重要器官
pronouncement
n. formal or authoritative24 statement; opinion 声明；见解
divine
a. coming from God; sacred 神的；神圣的
oracle8
n. 圣言；神谕
devise
vt. think out; plan 想出；设计
carpenter
n. 木匠
academician
n. member of an art, literary or scientific academy or society院士，学会会员
morron
n. stupid person 低能者；蠢人
verbal
a. complicated with words and their use; spoken, not written 词语的；口头的
intricate
a. complicated 错综复杂
absolute
a. not measured by comparison with other things 绝对的
determine
vt. fix or find out exactly 确定
numerical
n. of a number; shown by numbers 数字的；用数字表示的
evaluation
vt. 估价，评价
evaluate
vt.
subsection
n. part of a section 小组，分部
foist
vt. force (sth.) on another person by fraud or trickery 把...强加于
arbiter
n. judge 仲裁人,公断人
joke
n. sth. said or done to cause laughter or amusement
automobile
n. 汽车
hood
n. (汽车)引擎罩
doc
(short for) doctor
deaf
a. unable to hear 聋的
dumb
a. unable to speak; stupid 哑的;愚笨的
deaf-and-dumb
a. unable to hear and speak
hardware
n. metal goods such as utensils25, tools, nails, etc. 金属器具
hammer
n. 锤子;榔头
v. strike repeatedly (with a hammer)
clerk
n. salesclerk; person who works in a shop selling things 店员
scissors
n. 剪刀
scissor
v. cut with scissors
whereupon
ad. upon, at, or after which 于是，因此；然后
heartily
ad. 尽情地
smugly
ad. complacently26 沾沾自喜地
goddamned
ad. (sl.) very, extremely
uneasy
a. awkward; not easy in mind or body 局促的；不安的；不安适的
PHRAESE & EXPRESSIONS
make a fuss of / over
为...大惊小怪
worthy of
deserving 值得
make up
prepare ready for use 编制;配制
by one's estimate
据某人估计
take sth. for granted
regard it as true or as certain to happen 认为某事当然
go wrong
stop working as true or as certain to happen 出毛病
pick out
select 挑选
try...on
在...身上试验
for sure
for certain; certainly 确切地;肯定
PROPER NAMES
Isaac Asimov
艾萨克.阿西莫夫
收听单词发音 |
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aptitude
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| n.(学习方面的)才能，资质，天资 | |
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buck
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| n.雄鹿，雄兔；v.马离地跳跃 | |
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complacent
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| adj.自满的；自鸣得意的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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auto
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| n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车 | |
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oracles
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| 神示所( oracle的名词复数 )； 神谕； 圣贤； 哲人 | |
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oracle
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| n.神谕，神谕处，预言 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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moron
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| n.极蠢之人，低能儿 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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evaluation
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| n.估价，评价；赋值 | |
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foist
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| vt.把…强塞给，骗卖给 | |
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arbiter
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| n.仲裁人，公断人 | |
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automobile
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| n.汽车，机动车 | |
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hood
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| n.头巾，兜帽，覆盖；v.罩上，以头巾覆盖 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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authoritative
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| adj.有权威的，可相信的；命令式的；官方的 | |
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utensils
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| 器具，用具，器皿( utensil的名词复数 )； 器物 | |
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complacently
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| adv. 满足地, 自满地, 沾沾自喜地 | |
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