经济学人40:创意市场 知识产权交易所

 　　Business

　　商业

　　An intellectual-property exchange

　　知识产权交易所

　　Marketplace of ideas

　　创意市场

　　A new financial exchange hopes to make it easier to trade patent rights

　　一个崭新的金融交易所希望让专利权的交易变得更容易

　　THE technology industry is at war over intellectual property. On May 7th the first round of a three-part fight between Oracle¹ and Google over patent and copyright claims relating to the Java programming language ended in a decision that denied outright² victory to either firm. Apple, Samsung and others are fighting over smartphone patents. Facebook and Yahoo! are at loggerheads over internet patents. Accusations³ abound⁴ that innovation is taking a back seat to litigation. Only the lawyers are smiling.

　　科技业界打响了知识产权保卫战。甲骨文和Google之间关于Java编程语言的专利和版权的战斗拉开了这场由三部分组成的保卫战的序幕。2012年5月7日，这第一轮战斗以双方都没有得到彻底胜利宣告结束。苹果、三星以及行业内其他企业正在争夺智能手机专利权。Facebook和雅虎在互联网专利上发生了冲突。指控比比皆是，如今在诉讼面前科技创新只能靠边站。只有律师军团正微笑着。

　　All of which makes this a good time to launch a new approach to trading intellectual property, says Gerard Pannekoek, the boss of IPXI, a new financial exchange that lets companies buy, sell and hedge patent rights, just like any other asset. The idea is to offer a patent or group of patents as "unit licence rights" (ULRs), which can be bought and sold like shares. A ULR grants a one-time right to use a particular technology in a single product: a new type of airbag sensor⁵ in a car, say. If a company wants to use the technology in 100,000 cars, it buys 100,000 ULRs at the market price. ULRs are also expected to be traded on secondary markets.

　　芝加哥国际知识产权交易所(IPXI)的老板杰拉德Pannekoek称，所有这些专利侵权诉讼案件制造了一个很好的时机来启动一个新的方法来交易知识产权。芝加哥知识产权交易所是一个新的金融交易所，在这里就像任何其他资产一样企业可以购买、销售、对冲专利权。这个主意就是提供一项专利或是作为一个许可权单元的专利组，这些都可以像股票一样进行购买抛售。一个URL授权在一个产品中一次性应用某项技术，就像是一辆汽车上的一种新型的安全气囊传感器。如果一个公司想在10万辆汽车上使用这项技术，那么他得要以市场价购买10万份专利许可。专利许可预计也将会在二级市场进行交易。

　　This is simpler, faster and cheaper than the lawyer-intensive process of negotiating bilateral⁶ licences for intellectual property, the high cost of which discriminates⁷ against small companies, leaves patents unused on the shelf and hampers⁸ innovation. IPXI's approach does not work for all types of intellectual property-it does not allow exclusive licensing⁹, for example-but should make it easier for companies to make money from their inventions. "It's a great form of non-dilutive funding for start-ups," suggests Mr Pannekoek.

　　相对于知识产权双边谈判的律师们的密集过程，这是更简单、更快、更便宜的方法。而且，对于小公司而言，双边谈判所带来的高成本是不可接受的，他们只有把专利权搁置，从而阻碍了科技的创新。知识产权交易所(IPXI)的这个方法不是适用于所有类型的知识产权，例如它不允许独家授权，而是将使得公司更加容易地从他们的创造发明中赚取更多的利益。IPXI总裁兼首席执行官GerardJ.Pannekoek认为，对于新创公司而言，这是个不稀释(non-dilutive)每股收益的集资好方式。

　　The exchange has signed up 30 members including Philips, an electronics giant, and several universities and research laboratories. IPXI was set up in 2008 by Ocean Tomo, a merchant bank that specialises in intellectual property, and its investors¹⁰ include CBOE Holdings, the parent company of the Chicago Board Options Exchange. On May 4th IPXI published the rulebook that governs how the exchange will work, and it expects to open for business later this year. Its novel approach is ideal for the open, non-exclusive licensing of smartphone-related patents, says Ruud Peters, chief intellectual-property officer at Philips. Good news for innovators, perhaps, but bad news for lawyers?

　　这个交易所已经签署30成员，包括电子巨头飞利浦以及几所大学和研究实验室。专门经营知识产权的商业银行公司Ocean Tomo在2008年成立了芝加哥国际知识产权交易所(IPXI)，其投资者包括芝加哥期权交易所控股公司(CBOE Holdings Inc)。5月4日IPXI出版发行了这个交易所将要工作的规范手册，交易所有望今年下半年进行交易。飞利浦首席知识产权官路毕德（Ruud Peters）认为，IPXI这个新颖的方法对于具有开放性，非专属授权性的智能手机相关专利来说是最适合的，不切实际的。或许，这是创新者的好消息，但是对于律师团来说就是个坏消息。

1 oracle   

n.神谕，神谕处，预言

参考例句：

• In times of difficulty,she pray for an oracle to guide her.在困难的时候，她祈祷神谕来指引她。
• It is a kind of oracle that often foretells things most important.它是一种内生性神谕，常常能预言最重要的事情。

2 outright   

adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的

参考例句：

• If you have a complaint you should tell me outright.如果你有不满意的事，你应该直率地对我说。
• You should persuade her to marry you outright.你应该彻底劝服她嫁给你。

3 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

4 abound   

vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于

参考例句：

• Oranges abound here all the year round.这里一年到头都有很多橙子。
• But problems abound in the management of State-owned companies.但是在国有企业的管理中仍然存在不少问题。

5 sensor   

n.传感器，探测设备，感觉器（官）

参考例句：

• The temperature sensor is enclosed in a protective well.温度传感器密封在保护套管中。
• He plugged the sensor into a outlet.他把传感器插进电源插座。

6 bilateral   

adj.双方的，两边的，两侧的

参考例句：

• They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。
• There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题，两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。

7 discriminates   

分别，辨别，区分( discriminate的第三人称单数 )； 歧视，有差别地对待

参考例句：

• The new law discriminates against lower-paid workers. 这条新法律歧视低工资的工人。
• One test governs state legislation that discriminates against interstate commerce. 一个检验约束歧视州际商业的州立法。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

8 hampers   

妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Prejudice sometimes hampers a person from doing the right thing. 有时候，偏见会妨碍人正确行事。
• This behavior is the opposite of modeless feedback, and it hampers flow. 这个行为有悖于非模态的反馈，它阻碍了流。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

9 licensing   

v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句

10 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会