经济学人55:体貌魅力和事业 美丽不是错

 　　Business

　　商业

　　Physical attractiveness and careers

　　体貌魅力和事业

　　Don't hate me because I'm beautiful

　　美丽不是错

　　Attractive women should not include a photo with a job application

　　魅力女性不应在其申请表中添加照片

　　AT WORK, as in life, attractive women get a lot of the breaks.

　　工作场和生活中一样，魅力女人总是占有优势。

　　Studies have shown that they are more likely to be promoted than their plain-Jane colleagues.

　　研究表明，她们总是比相貌平平的同事更容易获得升职机会。

　　Because people tend to project positive traits onto them, such as sensitivity and poise¹, they may also be at an advantage in job interviews.

　　因为人们倾向于将正向的优点投加到她们身上，比如敏感，镇静。漂亮女人在工作面试中也处于优势地位。

　　The only downside to hotness is having to fend² off ghastly male colleagues; or so many people think.

　　热辣魅力十足的唯一不足就是她们不得不试图避开病态的的男同事；至少很多人这样认为。

　　But research by two Israelis suggests otherwise.

　　但两位以色列学者的研究表明，情况恰恰相反。

　　Bradley Ruffle³ at Ben-Gurion University and Ze'ev Shtudiner at Ariel University Centre looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their curricula vitae, as is the norm in much of Europe and Asia.

　　班古里昂大学的Bradley Ruffle和艾瑞尔撒马利亚中心大学的Ze'ev Shtudiner研究了，在简历中添加照片的求职者的境遇，而添加照片在欧洲和亚洲都是惯例。

　　The pair sent fictional⁴ applications to over 2,500 real-life vacancies⁵.

　　研究组给超过2500个职位空缺发送虚构的申请。

　　For each job, they sent two very similar résumés, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously⁶ been graded for their attractiveness.

　　每个职位，研究员都发送了两份相似的简历，一份有照片，一份没有。而发送之前，会根据简历照片的漂亮程度打分。

　　For men, the results were as expected.

　　对男性来讲，研究结果是意料之中的。

　　Hunks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo.

　　富有魅力的健美男子如果添加照片则更容易进入面试阶段。

　　Ugly men were better off not including one.

　　丑男不添加照片则会有更好的结果。

　　However, for women this was reversed.

　　但是，对女性来说，结果恰恰相反的。

　　Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugshot.

　　漂亮女人如果贴上靓照, 则更不容易进入面试阶段。

　　When applying directly to a company (rather than through an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average before getting an interview; an equally qualified⁷ plain one just seven.

　　在直接申请进入公司（而不是通过中介）的情况中，漂亮女性平均需要递送11份简历才得获得机会面试，而姿色平平的女人只用递送7份简历就可以了。

　　At first, Mr Ruffle considered what he calls the "dumb-blonde hypothesis"—that people assume beautiful women to be stupid.

　　首先，Ruffle考虑了他自己称为"美女低智商假说"--人们认为漂亮女人是愚蠢的。

　　However, the photos had also been rated on how intelligent people thought each subject looked; there was no correlation⁸ between perceived intellect and pulchritude⁹.

　　但是，照片也对其看起来是否聪明进行评分；发现在所谓的看起来的聪明和魅力之间并没有联系。

　　So the cause of the discrimination must lie elsewhere.

　　所以偏见的根源肯定来自于其他方面。

　　Human resources departments tend to be staffed mostly by women.

　　人力资源部主要由女性雇员组成。

　　Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for an interview were female.

　　事实上，在以色列的这项研究中，肩负挑选简历，确定申请人是否进入面试阶段工作的93%都是由女性担任的。

　　The researchers' unavoidable-and unpalatable-conclusion is that old-fashioned jealousy¹⁰ led the women to discriminate¹¹ against pretty candidates.

　　研究人员不得不得出一项令人不快的结论，那就是老套的嫉妒心使女性对漂亮的申请者产生偏见。

　　So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy¹²?

　　所以漂亮女士就应该在简历里贴上自己的邋遢照片吗？

　　No. Better, says Mr Ruffle, to discourage the practice of including a photo altogether.

　　不要。 Ruffle 认为更好的办法是不在简历中添加照片。

　　Companies might even consider the anonymous¹³ model used in the Belgian public sector¹⁴, where CVs do not even include the candidate's name.

　　多家公司甚至认为，比利时公共部门招聘采取的匿名模式更好，那就是在简历中甚至连名字都不写。

1 poise   

vt./vi. 平衡，保持平衡；n.泰然自若，自信

参考例句：

• She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise.她犹豫片刻，但很快恢复了镇静。
• Ballet classes are important for poise and grace.芭蕾课对培养优雅的姿仪非常重要。

2 fend   

v.照料（自己），（自己）谋生，挡开，避开

参考例句：

• I've had to fend for myself since I was 14.我从十四岁时起就不得不照料自己。
• He raised his arm up to fend branches from his eyes.他举手将树枝从他眼前挡开。

3 ruffle   

v.弄皱，弄乱；激怒，扰乱；n.褶裥饰边

参考例句：

• Don't ruffle my hair.I've just combed it.别把我的头发弄乱了。我刚刚梳好了的。
• You shouldn't ruffle so easily.你不该那么容易发脾气。

4 fictional   

adj.小说的，虚构的

参考例句：

• The names of the shops are entirely fictional.那些商店的名字完全是虚构的。
• The two authors represent the opposite poles of fictional genius.这两位作者代表了天才小说家两个极端。

5 vacancies   

n.空房间( vacancy的名词复数 )；空虚；空白；空缺

参考例句：

• job vacancies 职位空缺
• The sign outside the motel said \"No Vacancies\". 汽车旅馆外的招牌显示“客满”。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

7 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

8 correlation   

n.相互关系，相关，关连

参考例句：

• The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
• A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。

9 pulchritude   

n.美丽

参考例句：

• Her dress shows her pulchritude to advantage.她的裙子衬托出了她的美丽。
• She was a pulchritude in her day.她年轻时是个美人。

10 jealousy   

n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌

参考例句：

• Some women have a disposition to jealousy.有些女人生性爱妒忌。
• I can't support your jealousy any longer.我再也无法忍受你的嫉妒了。

11 discriminate   

v.区别，辨别，区分；有区别地对待

参考例句：

• You must learn to discriminate between facts and opinions.你必须学会把事实和看法区分出来。
• They can discriminate hundreds of colours.他们能分辨上百种颜色。

12 dowdy   

adj.不整洁的；过旧的

参考例句：

• She was in a dowdy blue frock.她穿了件不大洁净的蓝上衣。
• She looked very plain and dowdy.她长得非常普通，衣也过时。

13 anonymous   

adj.无名的；匿名的；无特色的

参考例句：

• Sending anonymous letters is a cowardly act.寄匿名信是懦夫的行为。
• The author wishes to remain anonymous.作者希望姓名不公开。

14 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。