经济学人63:经济学人:社交网站与职位 就业市场"高清"图

 　　Business

　　商业

　　Social media and job titles

　　社交网站与职位

　　A pixelated portrait of labour

　　就业市场"高清"图

　　LinkedIn offers a new way to look at employment

　　LinkedIn让你用全新的角度看待就业

　　OFFICIAL statistics can tell you how many workers were jobless last month, how many had college degrees and how many worked in construction.

　　官方统计数据能够告诉你上个月有多少人失业，多少个有大学文凭及多少人从事建筑业。

　　But they cannot tell you how many know Hadoop, a software for managing data that is much in demand these days.

　　但这些数据却无法告诉你有多少人会使用Hadoop这个如今需求量甚大的数据管理软件。

　　LinkedIn, however, says it knows that, and much else gleaned¹ from the profiles of its millions of members.

　　然而，LinkedIn说它知道这些，还掌握许多从其数百万会员的注册信息收集而来的其它信息。

　　The social-media website for professionals can tell you that one of the fastest-growing job titles in America is "adjunct professor" (an ill-paid, overworked species of academic). One of the fastest-shrinking is "sales associate" (see chart).

　　这个专业人士的社交网站能告诉你，美国从业人数增长最快的一种职业是"兼职教授"（即薪水很低、超负荷工作的大学老师），从业人数减少得最快的职业之一是"销售人员"（见图表）。

　　Researchers already mine the internet for hints about disease outbreaks, the national mood or inflation.

　　研究人员已经在网络上找寻关于疾病爆发、国民心态及通货膨胀的线索。

　　LinkedIn thinks its data can do the same for the job market.

　　LinkedIn认为其数据能在就业市场上派上同样的用场。

　　It has more than 150m members worldwide, 60m of them in America.

　　LinkedIn在全球拥有一亿五千万会员，其中六千万来自美国。

　　That should be enough to draw accurate inferences about the entire American labour force.

　　凭此应足以精确推断整个美国劳动力市场的情形。

　　At the request of the White House Council of Economic Advisers², it calculated which industries and job titles were experiencing the biggest gains and losses.

　　应白宫经济顾问委员会的要求，LinkedIn对哪些行业及职业的从业人数最多或最少进行了统计。

　　Scott Nicholson, a "data scientist" for the firm, says LinkedIn can potentially track such changes in real time, rather than the weeks or months government surveys take.

　　该公司的一位"数据科学家" 斯科特?尼科尔森说，LinkedIn甚至可以实时追踪这些数据的变化，而不像政府调查那样要费时数周或数月。

　　It can also follow occupations and industries, such as e-learning, that don't have their own category in government tallies³.

　　LinkedIn也可以追踪如在线学习这种政府记录中没有单列出来的职业与行业的数据。

　　It can trace shifts between regions, sectors⁴ and occupations.

　　它还能追踪不同地区、行业、职业之间的变化。

　　Are people quitting law firms to become law professors, moving from Arizona to North Dakota, or what?

　　人们是否辞去了律师事物所的工作去当法律教授了？是否从亚利桑那州搬到了北达科它州？还是其他状况？

　　The firm hopes to be able to track the nation's evolving skills base.

　　该公司希望能够对美国人不断发展的技能水平进行追踪。

　　Members routinely pick up new skills and add them to their profile.

　　其会员平日会学习新的技能并将其添加至个人信息中。

　　LinkedIn can see how often job-changers mention a particular skill, such as Hadoop.

　　LinkedIn能够知道跳槽者提及某项技能（如操作Hadoop）的频率。

　　Jeff Weiner, the firm's boss, imagines that eventually every job opening and its requisite⁵ skills will be digitally searchable by every potential candidate, reducing the friction⁶ that lets millions of vacancies⁷ co-exist with high unemployment.

　　公司老板杰夫?韦纳的设想是最终每位潜在的求职者都能在网上搜索到空缺的职位及其所需的技能，使社会能更加人尽其才，而不至于出现有数百万个空缺职位的同时却又失业率高企的局面。

　　Such granularity could revolutionise economic research, says Erik Brynjolfsson of MIT.

　　麻省理工学院的埃里克?布吕诺尔夫松说，这种" 分辨率"会为经济调查带来革命性的变化。

　　But for consistency⁸ and longevity⁹, you can't beat the government.

　　但若论调查的连贯性和持久性，无人能胜过政府。

　　As Mr Brynjolfsson notes, "Web companies don't tend to have the same lifespan as the US Census¹⁰ Bureau."

　　正如埃里克?布吕诺尔夫松所说，"网络公司的寿命往往不可能和美国统计局一样长。"

1 gleaned   

v.一点点地收集（资料、事实）( glean的过去式和过去分词 )；（收割后）拾穗

参考例句：

• These figures have been gleaned from a number of studies. 这些数据是通过多次研究收集得来的。
• A valuable lesson may be gleaned from it by those who have eyes to see. 明眼人可从中记取宝贵的教训。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

3 tallies   

n.账( tally的名词复数 )；符合；（计数的）签；标签v.计算，清点( tally的第三人称单数 )；加标签（或标记）于；（使）符合；（使）吻合

参考例句：

• Cash on hand tallies with the figure in the accounts. 现款跟账上的数目没有出入。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He tallies his own marks. 他把自己的得分记了下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 requisite   

adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品

参考例句：

• He hasn't got the requisite qualifications for the job.他不具备这工作所需的资格。
• Food and air are requisite for life.食物和空气是生命的必需品。

6 friction   

n.摩擦，摩擦力

参考例句：

• When Joan returned to work,the friction between them increased.琼回来工作后，他们之间的摩擦加剧了。
• Friction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.摩擦力作用于运动着的物体，并使其停止。

7 vacancies   

n.空房间( vacancy的名词复数 )；空虚；空白；空缺

参考例句：

• job vacancies 职位空缺
• The sign outside the motel said \"No Vacancies\". 汽车旅馆外的招牌显示“客满”。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 consistency   

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

• Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
• We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

9 longevity   

n.长命；长寿

参考例句：

• Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
• Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。

10 census   

n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查

参考例句：

• A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
• The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。