经济学人369:黑客归来 银行业者为抓坏蛋化身卧底

　　Banks and fraud
银行与骗子
Hacking¹ back
黑客归来
Bankers go undercover to catch bad guys
银行业者为抓坏蛋化身卧底
Funny, you don't look like a banker
搞笑，你看起来并不像银行业者
FIVE years ago MI5,Britain's security service, sent a document to British firms, giving warning that Chinese spies could be seeking to “exploit vulnerabilities such as sexual relationships” among Western businesspeople. Moneymen are obvious targets for honey traps, but they can set them too—as they are increasingly doing to catch cyber-fraudsters.
5年前，英国的安全部门军情五处向英国的公司发送了一个预警文件：中国间谍可能正寻找西方商人可利用的弱点，如性关系。显而易见，美人计是冲着经融家来的，但银行家们也可以使用反间计，正如他们为了抓住网络间谍所做的那样。
银行与骗子.jpg
A midsized American bank has taken a leaf out of Ian Fleming's book with a project, known internally as “Honey Banker”, to smoke out fraudulent payments. It has created a coterie² of non-existent bankers, with fake e-mail addresses and biographies, whose details appear on bogus web pages not linked to the rest of the bank's website. If a transfer request comes in to one of these aliases³, it is likely to be from a fraudster. The bank blocks the sender's internet address, pending⁴ further investigation⁵.
美国一家中型银行仿照Ian Fleming书中的一个计划，行内称为“蜂蜜银行家”，类似为取蜂蜜而用烟将蜜蜂熏赶出蜂巢那样查出欺诈性付款。这一计划创造了一个不存在的银行家的小群体，他们使用虚假的邮箱地址和生平事迹，他们的详细资料刊登在虚假的网页上，且这些网页没有链接到其他的银行网站。如果有人将转会申请提交给其中一个化名银行家，他就有可能是个骗子。银行就会封锁申请者的网络地址，以等待进一步调查。
Though not yet widespread, this sort of counter-intelligence tactic⁶ is becoming more common as banks look for creative ways to ensnare the online scammers, says Aaron Glover, a fraud expert at SunTrust, another American bank. Some banks have hired professional spies, as HSBC did when it employed a former head of MI5.
就职于另一家美国银行SunTrust的防骗专家Aaron Glover说，这种反间谍策略尽管还未被广泛使用，但随着银行寻找创造性的方法来诱捕网络骗子，这种策略正变得越来越普遍。正如汇丰银行以前聘请军情五处的前负责人那样，一些银行已经聘请了专业的间谍。
The amount a fraudster can steal depends on the number of “mule⁷” accounts—set up by paid or cajoled accomplices—that he has to divert funds into. This number is constrained⁸ by account-opening restrictions⁹, including requirements that accounts have to be opened in person. East European crime rings will pay mules¹⁰ to fly toAmerica, where they can set up accounts as non-resident aliens. Other fraudsters will persuade gullible¹¹ Americans to open accounts in their own name and hand over the details, after convincing them that they have been picked as “secret shoppers” to rate bank service. Even so, “scammers have a finite supply of mule accounts,” says Mr Glover. “The more of them that can be identified and shut off using undercover operations, the less room [criminals] have to operate.”
诈骗者能够窃取的数量取决于洗钱账户的数目，这些账户由收买的或诱骗的共犯开设的，而诈骗者必定会将资金转入这些账户。账户数目受到开户条件的限制，包括必须由本人人亲自去开户。东欧的犯罪团伙花钱雇佣洗钱者飞往美国，并使用偷来的身份证以非定居的外国人身份开设账户。其他诈骗者将劝说易被骗的美国人去以他们自己的名义开户，在说服他们之后，他们就被选为用来评价银行服务的“神秘顾客”。 Glover先生说，“即使如此，诈骗者拥有限量供应的洗钱账户。卧底行动若能辨识并关闭越多的洗钱账户，那么诈骗者所能运作的犯罪空间就越少。”
Banks are also using similar strategies to infiltrate¹² the dark recesses¹³ of the internet in which criminals buy and sell stolen financial data. A fraud investigator¹⁴ at a large American bank says that since the massive theft of credit-card data last year from Target, a retailer¹⁵, his bank has become a more active participant in “carder forums¹⁶”, where card numbers are hawked¹⁷ for between $20 and $100 apiece, often in batches¹⁸ of 1m or more. Two recent sales were dubbed¹⁹ “Tortuga” and “Eagle Claw”.
银行也使用类似的策略渗透到互联网的黑暗角落,罪犯在这里购买和出售偷来的财务数据。一个美国大型银行的欺诈调查员说,自从去年从一个名为Target的零售商店那里发生大量盗用信用卡数据的事件后，他所在的银行变得更加活跃的参与 “持卡人论坛” ,在这里人们叫卖信用卡号从每个20美元到100美元不等,通常一次性交易一百万串卡号或更多。最近的两次交易代号为“龟岛”和“鹰爪”。
Some banks scour²⁰ the forums in the hope of gathering²¹ intelligence on which of their cards have been compromised, so they can cancel them before they are sold on—as opposed to waiting for suspect transactions to appear on statements. A few banks are even believed to have bid in black-market bazaars²² to buy the details of cards they suspected they issued themselves, but could not identify for certain because details were concealed²³ until purchase, in order to learn more about where and when data breaches²⁴ occurred.
一些银行搜索着论坛,希望收集到关于他们的卡已经被盗用的情报，这样一来就可以在这些卡在黑市上交易之前注销它们，而不是一味的等待出现可疑交易的报告。有人认为，一些银行为了更多的了解数据泄露是何时何地发生的，甚至在黑市上竞购那些疑似本行发行的卡的详细信息,但他们不能完全确定，因为这些详细信息在竞购到手之前都是保密的,。
This subterfuge²⁵ partly reflects the need to be more proactive in the face of rampant²⁶ cyber-fraud. But there is a regulatory motive²⁷, too.America's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, the arm of the Treasury²⁸ tasked with fighting illicit²⁹ finance, has been broadening its definition of money laundering³⁰, bankers say. This raises the prospect³¹ of large fines for inadequate³² anti-money-laundering controls for banks that aren't deemed to be doing enough to combat these scourges³³. Some bankers may feel they have as much to fear from the agencies that regulate them as from the criminals who infiltrate them.
这一策略一定程度上反映了更积极的面对猖獗的网络诈骗的必要性。但也有治理的目标。银行家说，财政部负责打击非法金融的武器，既美国金融犯罪调查合作局,已经放宽了洗钱的定义。这使得银行可能被认为在应对反洗钱控制方面做的不足而面临高额罚款。一些银行家可能会觉得，管理银行的机构与入侵银行的罪犯一样令人担忧。

1 hacking   

n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动

参考例句：

• The patient with emphysema is hacking all day. 这个肺气肿病人整天不断地干咳。
• We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle. 我们负责在丛林中开路。

2 coterie   

n.(有共同兴趣的)小团体，小圈子

参考例句：

• The name is known to only a small coterie of collectors.这个名字只有收藏家的小圈子才知道。
• Mary and her coterie gave a party to which we were not invited.玛利和她的圈内朋友举行派对，我们没被邀请。

3 aliases   

n.别名，化名( alias的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Can you allow the user to enter aliases for the longer entries? 可以允许用户为过长的文字选择别名吗？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• The criminal has several aliases. 该罪犯有数个化名。 来自辞典例句

4 pending   

prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的

参考例句：

• The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
• He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。

5 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

6 tactic   

n.战略，策略；adj.战术的，有策略的

参考例句：

• Reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
• She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。

7 mule   

n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人

参考例句：

• A mule is a cross between a mare and a donkey.骡子是母马和公驴的杂交后代。
• He is an old mule.他是个老顽固。

8 constrained   

adj.束缚的,节制的

参考例句：

• The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. 证据是那样的令人折服，他觉得不得不接受。
• I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness. 我不得不写信请你原谅。

9 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

10 mules   

骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者

参考例句：

• The cart was pulled by two mules. 两匹骡子拉这辆大车。
• She wore tight trousers and high-heeled mules. 她穿紧身裤和拖鞋式高跟鞋。

11 gullible   

adj.易受骗的；轻信的

参考例句：

• The swindlers had roped into a number of gullible persons.骗子们已使一些轻信的人上了当。
• The advertisement is aimed at gullible young women worried about their weight.这则广告专门针对担心自己肥胖而易受骗的年轻女士。

12 infiltrate   

vt./vi.渗入，透过；浸润

参考例句：

• The teacher tried to infiltrate her ideas into the children's minds.老师设法把她的思想渗透到孩子们的心中。
• It can infiltrate as much as 100 kilometers into enemy territory at night.可以在夜间深入敌领土100千米。

13 recesses   

n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭

参考例句：

• I could see the inmost recesses. 我能看见最深处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I had continually pushed my doubts to the darker recesses of my mind. 我一直把怀疑深深地隐藏在心中。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 investigator   

n.研究者，调查者，审查者

参考例句：

• He was a special investigator for the FBI.他是联邦调查局的特别调查员。
• The investigator was able to deduce the crime and find the criminal.调查者能够推出犯罪过程并锁定罪犯。

15 retailer   

n.零售商(人)

参考例句：

• What are the retailer requirements?零售商会有哪些要求呢？
• The retailer has assembled a team in Shanghai to examine the question.这家零售商在上海组建了一支团队研究这个问题。

16 forums   

讨论会； 座谈会； 广播专题讲话节目； 集会的公共场所( forum的名词复数 )； 论坛，讨论会，专题讨论节目； 法庭

参考例句：

• A few of the forums were being closely monitored by the administrators. 有些论坛被管理员严密监控。
• It can cast a dark cloud over these forums. 它将是的论坛上空布满乌云。

17 hawked   

通过叫卖主动兜售（hawk的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• Some were haggling loudly with traders as they hawked their wares. 有些人正在大声同兜售货物的商贩讲价钱。
• The peddler hawked his wares from door to door. 小贩挨户叫卖货物。

18 batches   

一批( batch的名词复数 )； 一炉； （食物、药物等的）一批生产的量； 成批作业

参考例句：

• The prisoners were led out in batches and shot. 这些囚犯被分批带出去枪毙了。
• The stainless drum may be used to make larger batches. 不锈钢转数设备可用来加工批量大的料。

19 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 scour   

v.搜索；擦，洗，腹泻，冲刷

参考例句：

• Mother made me scour the family silver.母亲让我擦洗家里的银器。
• We scoured the telephone directory for clues.我们仔细查阅电话簿以寻找线索。

21 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

22 bazaars   

（东方国家的）市场( bazaar的名词复数 )； 义卖； 义卖市场； （出售花哨商品等的）小商品市场

参考例句：

• When the sky chooses, glory can rain into the Chandrapore bazaars. 如果天公有意，昌德拉卜的集市也会大放光彩。
• He visited the shops and bazaars. 他视察起各色铺子和市场来。

23 concealed   

a.隐藏的，隐蔽的

参考例句：

• The paintings were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster. 那些画被隐藏在厚厚的灰泥层下面。
• I think he had a gun concealed about his person. 我认为他当时身上藏有一支枪。

24 breaches   

破坏( breach的名词复数 )； 破裂； 缺口； 违背

参考例句：

• He imposed heavy penalties for breaches of oath or pledges. 他对违反誓言和保证的行为给予严厉的惩罚。
• This renders all breaches of morality before marriage very uncommon. 这样一来，婚前败坏道德的事就少见了。

25 subterfuge   

n.诡计；藉口

参考例句：

• European carping over the phraseology represented a mixture of hypocrisy and subterfuge.欧洲在措词上找岔子的做法既虚伪又狡诈。
• The Independents tried hard to swallow the wretched subterfuge.独立党的党员们硬着头皮想把这一拙劣的托词信以为真。

26 rampant   

adj.(植物)蔓生的；狂暴的，无约束的

参考例句：

• Sickness was rampant in the area.该地区疾病蔓延。
• You cannot allow children to rampant through the museum.你不能任由小孩子在博物馆里乱跑。

27 motive   

n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的

参考例句：

• The police could not find a motive for the murder.警察不能找到谋杀的动机。
• He had some motive in telling this fable.他讲这寓言故事是有用意的。

28 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

29 illicit   

adj.非法的，禁止的，不正当的

参考例句：

• He had an illicit association with Jane.他和简曾有过不正当关系。
• Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year.今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。

30 laundering   

n.洗涤（衣等），洗烫（衣等）；洗（钱）v.洗（衣服等），洗烫（衣服等）( launder的现在分词 )；洗（黑钱）（把非法收入改头换面，变为貌似合法的收入）

参考例句：

• Separate the white clothes from the dark clothes before laundering. 洗衣前应当把浅色衣服和深色衣服分开。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He was charged with laundering money. 他被指控洗钱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

31 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

32 inadequate   

adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的

参考例句：

• The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
• She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。

33 scourges   

带来灾难的人或东西，祸害( scourge的名词复数 )； 鞭子

参考例句：

• Textile workers suffer from three scourges -- noise, dust and humidity. 纱厂工人的三大威胁，就是音响、尘埃和湿气。 来自汉英文学 - 现代散文
• Believe, if Internet remains great scourges, also won't have present dimensions. 相信，如果互联网仍然是洪水猛兽，也不会有现在的规模。