经济学人415:智能手机应用软件 反社会网络

 　　Smartphone apps

　　智能手机应用软件

　　The antisocial networks

　　反社会网络

　　A bunch of new apps test the limits of the sharing economy

　　用一组新应用测试分享式经济的极限

　　Hurry up and vacate that parking spot!

　　快点腾出停车位！

　　PARKING can stir intense passions, especially inSan Francisco, where demand for public spaces often exceeds supply. Hence the outcry over apps that let occupants of slots on streets make money by alerting other drivers that they are about to drive away. As we went to press, one of the apps, MonkeyParking, was seeking an understanding withSan Francisco's city attorney, Dennis Herrera, who had given it until July 11th to cease operating on the city's streets or face a lawsuit¹. Another app, ParkModo, which also attracted Mr Herrera's attention, is not currently operating inSan Francisco, though it says it intends to roll out nationwide in future.

　　停车可以激发强烈的热情，特别是在公共空间供不应求的旧金山。因此强烈抗议的应用软件使得街道上停车位的占用者通过向其他司机发出他们正要离开的提醒信息而赚钱。在本文发表时，其中一个应用软件，MonkeyParking，正寻求旧金山市府的律师Dennis Herrera的理解，他已经责令其6月11日前停止操控城市街道否则将面临起诉。另一个应用软件，ParkModo，也引起了Herrera的注意，这一软件目前还不能在旧金山应用，虽然它声称它打算在将来席卷全国。

　　智能手机应用软件.jpg

　　At the heart of the dispute over these services is whether apps should be able to use a public asset to make a profit. Users of MonkeyParking's service bid between 5 and 20 for spaces about to be liberated² by other users. The firm has also launched the app inRome, another city where parking is scarce.San Francisco's authorities point to a local law banning efforts to sell or rent public parking spaces. The app firms say it is not spaces that are being sold, just information about their availability, which thus reduces the number of cars circling the streets searching for them.

　　这些服务的核心争议是这些应用软件是否应该被允许使用公共资产来牟利。MonkeyParking服务的用户出价5到20美元来竞拍其他用户将腾出的停车位。该公司还在另一个停车位相对稀有的城市——罗马推出了这项应用服务。旧金山当局指出，当地一项法律强力禁止出售或租赁公共停车位。而软件公司称其服务不是停车位买卖，只是提供可用停车位的信息，这因此减少了在街道上来回转圈寻找停车位的车辆数量。

　　MonkeyParking wants its app to be seen as part of the “sharing economy”, like those of Airbnb, which lets people rent rooms or houses to others, and Lyft, a ride-sharing service. These also help maximise the use of existing assets. The difference, however, is that the homes and cars are privately³ owned. Jeremiah Owyang of Crowd Companies, which advises firms on the sharing economy, thinks apps that monetise public assets are “not in the spirit” of the sharing movement.

　　MonkeyParking希望其应用软件被视为“分享式经济”的一部分，像空中食宿Airbnb和Lyft一样，Airbnb可以让人们出租房间或房屋给他人，而Lyft提供驾乘分享服务。这些服务也有利于最大限度的利用现有资产。然而不同的是，那些房屋和车辆是私有的。Crowd Companies的Jeremiah Owyang对公司就分享式经济提出过建议，他认为使公共资产货币化的应用软件与分享运动的精神存在出入。

　　Even trying to monetise private assets is proving controversial in some cases. Another outfit⁴ in San Francisco, ReservationHop, has come under fire for making fake bookings at hard-to-get-into restaurants and then selling them via an app. Buyers are given the false names to use when they turn up to dine. The worry here is that restaurants could lose out if no one buys the fake reservations. Ticket Scalpr is an app incarnation of the age-old business of reselling tickets for popular events, though it says its aim is to cut out conventional touts⁵ and let fans swap⁶ surplus tickets directly.

　　甚至在某些情况下，使私有资产货币化的尝试也已发了争议。旧金山的另一家机构ReservationHop，因假装预订那些很难订到位子的餐厅并通过一个应用软件出售这些预定机会，而遭受谴责。在就餐时，买家使用其提供的虚假姓名。这里令人担心的是如果没人购买这些假预订，餐厅将蒙受损失。Ticket Scalpr是一个用于转卖流行赛事门票—这一古老业务的应用程序版本，尽管其声称其目的是为了减少传统的票贩子而让粉丝直接交换剩余门票。

　　There has been a heated debate on Twitter about such arguably antisocial networks, using a new hashtag, JerkTech. What the apps seen so far have in common is that their creators have identified things that are regularly being priced below their market-clearing level, ie, that at which demand equals supply. And, inSilicon Valley's spirit of “move fast and break things”, they are conducting a rapid test of the public's, and regulators', appetite for shifting the boundaries of what is acceptable business practice. Uber, a taxi-hailing app which has no doubt been called a jerk and worse over the “surge pricing” it imposes at times of high demand, agreed this week withNew York's attorney-general that it would curb⁷ its peak rates.

　　在推特上有一个关于这些有争议的反社会网络的激烈辩论，其使用了一个新标签：JerkTech。迄今为止，应用软件的共同点是他们的制造者认为事物的定价通常低于它们的市场结算水平，即在这一水平供等于求。另一个共同点是，本着硅谷的“快速前进打破陈规”的精神，他们正进行一项快速测试，分别针对大众和监管者对于改变“什么是可接受的商业惯例”的边界的意愿。Uber，一个招出租车的应用软件，它被称为混蛋毫无疑问，更差劲的是其在高需求的时间段，价格飙升，本周应纽约总检察长的要求，其同意停止高峰期的涨价行为。

1 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

2 liberated   

a.无拘束的，放纵的

参考例句：

• The city was liberated by the advancing army. 军队向前挺进，解放了那座城市。
• The heat brings about a chemical reaction, and oxygen is liberated. 热量引起化学反应，释放出氧气。

3 privately   

adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地

参考例句：

• Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
• The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。

4 outfit   

n.（为特殊用途的）全套装备，全套服装

参考例句：

• Jenney bought a new outfit for her daughter's wedding.珍妮为参加女儿的婚礼买了一套新装。
• His father bought a ski outfit for him on his birthday.他父亲在他生日那天给他买了一套滑雪用具。

5 touts   

n.招徕( tout的名词复数 )；（音乐会、体育比赛等的）卖高价票的人；侦查者；探听赛马的情报v.兜售( tout的第三人称单数 )；招揽；侦查；探听赛马情报

参考例句：

• Many vouchers are returned for cash, allowing touts and middle men to make a healthy margin. 许多月饼券都被兑换成现金，这让券贩子和中间商赚取了不蜚的利润。 来自互联网
• Spotting prey, the customary crowd of hustlers and touts swarmed around, jostling for my business. 照例有大群的拉客黄牛在寻觅猎物，他们争相过来抢我的生意。 来自互联网

6 swap   

n.交换；vt.交换，用...作交易

参考例句：

• I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
• This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。

7 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。