经济学人458:自由民主党 他们必胜

 　　The Liberal Democrats¹

　　自由民主党

　　They shall overcome

　　他们必胜

　　Facing electoral meltdown, why are the Lib Dems so cheerful?

　　面对选举危机，自由民主党为何如此兴高采烈？

　　THE Liberal Democrats have every reason to be miserable². Some recent polls of voting intention have put them on 6%, about a quarter of their support at the last election. The party has haemorrhaged voters to the Labour Party, as well as to its coalition³ partners the Conservatives, to the Green Party and even the right-wing UK Independence Party. Its backbone—local councillors—has crumbled⁴. It is conceivable that the party will lose two-thirds of its 56 parliamentary seats at the general election, due to take place next May.

　　自由民主党有充分的理由悲天悯人。最近选民意向的投票显示自由民主党仅获得了6%的支持率，这是上次他们选举支持率的四分之一。该党的选民已流失到工党、同盟友党保守党、绿党甚至右翼的英国独立党手中。它的主心骨—地方议员—已支离破碎。可想而知，该党很可能将会在明年五月举行的大选中失去56个议会席位的三分之二。

　　Yet at the party's autumn conference in Glasgow, which ended on October 8th, the mood was upbeat. Activists⁶ acknowledged the difficulties, but declared themselves game for the battle ahead. Hardly anyone criticised Nick Clegg, the party's leader since 2007 and deputy prime minister since 2010. Even Jeremy Browne, a former minister on the party's libertarian wing who is one of the most vocal⁷ malcontents, limited himself to anodyne⁸ grumbles⁹ about the party's lack of definition (and an apparent gibe¹⁰ at Mr Clegg's reluctance¹¹ to be seen smoking in public).

　　然而10月8号在格拉斯哥落幕的秋季会议上，自由民主党人的心情却是大好。活动家们认识到了种种困难，但宣称自己愿为接下来的战斗而奋发图强。几乎没有人责怪尼克·克莱格，他自2007年开始担任该党领袖，2010年开始担任副首相。即使是该党派的杰米里·布朗—这位直言不讳的自由主义派前大臣，也只是不痛不痒地抱怨该党缺乏明确的定位（并明显嘲笑克莱格不愿被发现在公共场合吸烟这一行为）。

　　Why are the Lib Dems so calm? Any other major British party, facing half the rout¹² that they will suffer next year, would be in meltdown. Circumstances are one explanation. Many unhappy members have left. Others are still buoyed¹³ by the thrill of being in government. “There is a sense that we matter,” gushed¹⁴ one conference delegate before hurrying off to a speaking engagement. It was plain to see: security scanners guarded the conference entrances, television crews prowled the corridors looking for interviewees, foreign diplomats¹⁵ sought panellists' opinions at fringe events. After decades on the margins¹⁶, Lib Dems still find this new and exciting.

　　为什么自由民主党人能如此冷静呢？任何英国的主要政党，即便只会面对该党派明年五月将受到的一半打击，也会一蹶不振。政治大环境是一种解释。很多不满的党员离开了。另外的人仍因能呆在政府的兴奋而干劲十足。一位急急忙忙要赶去一个演讲的参会嘉宾匆忙地说：“我们感觉到自己是有点分量的。”这很显然易见：安全扫描器保卫着会议入口，电视报道组在走廊徘徊寻找被采访者，国外外交官在边缘话题上寻求着组委的意见。在边缘呆了几十年后，自由民主党人仍认为这很新奇且令人激动。

　　And activists know it may not go away. It was helpful that the Conservatives and Labour spent their party conferences appealing to their traditional voters, argues Olly Grender, an influential¹⁷ Lib Dem peer. If neither party breaks out of its electoral strongholds, another hung parliament may beckon—and with it, another five years in which the Lib Dems, however diminished, could be kingmakers.

　　活动家们知道这种境况可能不会消失。一个有影响力的自由民主党人欧利·格兰德说，保守党和工党利用党会来吸引传统的选民是件好事。如果两党都不超出自己的选举据点，另一个无多数议会就可能出现—这样一来，在另一个五年内无论自由民主党衰落到什么程度，都有拥立首相的可能。

　　自由民主党.jpg

　　That prospect¹⁸ helps keep Mr Clegg's rivals from whipping up activists' gripes into something more dangerous. Tim Farron, the darling of the left-leaning grass roots, is biding¹⁹ his time. Chris Huhne resigned as energy secretary in 2012 and later served a prison sentence for perverting²⁰ the course of justice. Vince Cable, the business secretary, was linked to a couple of botched coup²¹ attempts but appears to have lost interest in the top job. At least until the election, Mr Clegg seems safe.

　　这种前景避免了克莱格的对手们煽风点火将活动家们的抱怨说成更危险的事。左翼草根的宠儿蒂姆·法伦正在等待时机。克里斯·休恩于2012年辞去了能源大臣的职务，后因妨碍司法程序而入狱。商务大臣祈维信被牵连进了几次拙劣的政治阴谋，但似乎失去了对高职位的兴趣。至少在大选前，克莱格看起来是安全的。

　　Still, only the party's distinctive²² traits fully²³ account for its good mood. Compared with the Tories and Labour, the Lib Dem party is democratic and small. Its practice of voting on policy—members raising their conference passes in debates to indicate their views—releases pressure. And its size means that senior figures often know members personally, the better to keep them loyal. Knowing that the leaders care “cheers you up when you're out canvassing²⁴ and only two people have turned up,” says Leola, an activist⁵ from Hampshire.

　　不变的是，只有该党独特的特征才能完全解释它的好心情。与托利派和工党相比，自由民主党民主、规模小。它在政治投票上的实践（党员在辩论中举起会议通行证来表达自己的观点）释放了压力。它的规模意味着高级官员与党员私交也很好，这有利于保证党员的忠诚度。来自汉普郡的积极分子莱奥拉说，知道领导人关心自己“可以让你在外出拉票，即便只有两个人出现时依然精神振奋。”

　　The party also has a long memory. Asked about its troubles, older members say they have seen it all before; at the 1989 European Parliament election the Lib Dems won 6% of the vote and no seats. Their ability to rebound²⁵ is embodied²⁶ by Paddy Ashdown, the leader who led the party back from the brink²⁷ and today serves as a mixture of loyalist, high priest and party therapist. On October 7th at the Glee Club (a boozy singsong held every year at conference) the former special-forces captain led members in a rendition of “We Shall Overcome”, an old civil-rights song, a cardboard cut-out of Mr Clegg looking on.

　　该党也有一段相当长的历史。在被问及该党面临的困境时，资格较老的党员说他们之前都见识过了。在1989年欧洲议会选举中自由民主党仅赢得了6%的选票，没有获得席位。阿什道恩展现了该党重振雄风的能力，这位领导人曾让该党绝地重生，现拥有保皇派、主教、党内治疗师多重身份。10月7号，在合唱团（每年会议期间举行的畅饮歌会）上，前特种部队队长带领队员演唱了《我们必胜》这一首民权老歌，还附有克莱格远眺的硬纸板图样。

　　Sometimes the party's eccentricities²⁸ embarrass its leaders. For example, they despaired when members backed a motion regretting that winning had become the “primary concern” in football. But those same eccentricities keep the membership loyal. Luckily for Mr Clegg, the “primary concern” for most Lib Dems is not the winning, but the taking part.

　　有时候该党的古怪也让领导人们感到尴尬。举个例子，当党员们支持一项惋惜输赢成为了足球的“核心关注点”的议案时，他们简直绝望了。但正是这些古怪之处保证了党员们的忠诚。克莱格是幸运的，对于大多数自由民主党员来说，”核心关注点“不是胜利，而是参与。

1 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 miserable   

adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的

参考例句：

• It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他，这是可耻的。
• Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。

3 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

4 crumbled   

（把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 衰落； 坍塌； 损坏

参考例句：

• He crumbled the bread in his fingers. 他用手指把面包捻碎。
• Our hopes crumbled when the business went bankrupt. 商行破产了，我们的希望也破灭了。

5 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

6 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 vocal   

adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目

参考例句：

• The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
• Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。

8 anodyne   

n.解除痛苦的东西，止痛剂

参考例句：

• It was their delight,their folly,their anodyne,their intellectual stimulant.这是他们的人生乐趣，他们的一时荒唐，他们的止痛药，他们的脑力刺激剂。
• Friendship is not only the condiment but also the anodyne of life.友谊是人生的调味品，也是人生的止痛药。

9 grumbles   

抱怨( grumble的第三人称单数 )； 发牢骚； 咕哝； 发哼声

参考例句：

• He grumbles at his lot instead of resolutely facing his difficulties. 他不是果敢地去面对困难，而是抱怨自己运气不佳。
• I'm sick of your unending grumbles. 我对你的不断埋怨感到厌烦。

10 gibe   

n.讥笑；嘲弄

参考例句：

• I felt sure he was seeking for some gibe. 我敢说他正在寻找一句什么挖苦话。
• It's impolite to gibe at a foreign student's English. 嘲笑外国学生的英语是不礼貌的。

11 reluctance   

n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿

参考例句：

• The police released Andrew with reluctance.警方勉强把安德鲁放走了。
• He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply.他表示很不愿意答复。

12 rout   

n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮

参考例句：

• The enemy was put to rout all along the line.敌人已全线崩溃。
• The people's army put all to rout wherever they went.人民军队所向披靡。

13 buoyed   

v.使浮起( buoy的过去式和过去分词 )；支持；为…设浮标；振奋…的精神

参考例句：

• Buoyed by their win yesterday the team feel confident of further success. 在昨天胜利的鼓舞下，该队有信心再次获胜。
• His encouragement buoyed her up during that difficult period. 他的鼓励使她在那段困难时期恢复了乐观的情绪。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 gushed   

v.喷，涌( gush的过去式和过去分词 )；滔滔不绝地说话

参考例句：

• Oil gushed from the well. 石油从井口喷了出来。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Clear water gushed into the irrigational channel. 清澈的水涌进了灌溉渠道。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

15 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

17 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

18 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

19 biding   

v.等待，停留( bide的现在分词 )；居住；（过去式用bided）等待；面临

参考例句：

• He was biding his time. 他正在等待时机。 来自辞典例句
• Applications:used in carbide alloy, diamond tools, biding admixture, high-temperature alloy, rechargeable cell. 用作硬质合金，磁性材料，金刚石工具，高温合金，可充电池等。 来自互联网

20 perverting   

v.滥用( pervert的现在分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落

参考例句：

• We must never tolerate any taking bribes and perverting justice. 我们决不能姑息贪赃枉法的行为！ 来自互联网
• District Councillor was jailed for three months for vote-planting and perverting the course of justice. 区议员因选举种票及妨碍司法公正被判监三个月。 来自互联网

21 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

22 distinctive   

adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的

参考例句：

• She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
• This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。

23 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

24 canvassing   

v.（在政治方面）游说( canvass的现在分词 )；调查（如选举前选民的）意见；为讨论而提出（意见等）；详细检查

参考例句：

• He spent the whole month canvassing for votes. 他花了整整一个月四处游说拉选票。
• I'm canvassing for the Conservative Party. 我在为保守党拉选票。 来自辞典例句

25 rebound   

v.弹回；n.弹回，跳回

参考例句：

• The vibrations accompanying the rebound are the earth quake.伴随这种回弹的振动就是地震。
• Our evil example will rebound upon ourselves.我们的坏榜样会回到我们自己头上的。

26 embodied   

v.表现( embody的过去式和过去分词 )；象征；包括；包含

参考例句：

• a politician who embodied the hopes of black youth 代表黑人青年希望的政治家
• The heroic deeds of him embodied the glorious tradition of the troops. 他的英雄事迹体现了军队的光荣传统。 来自《简明英汉词典》

27 brink   

n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿

参考例句：

• The tree grew on the brink of the cliff.那棵树生长在峭壁的边缘。
• The two countries were poised on the brink of war.这两个国家处于交战的边缘。

28 eccentricities   

n.古怪行为( eccentricity的名词复数 )；反常；怪癖

参考例句：

• My wife has many eccentricities. 我妻子有很多怪癖。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His eccentricities had earned for him the nickname"The Madman". 他的怪癖已使他得到'疯子'的绰号。 来自辞典例句