经济学人484:土耳其工人 不太安全

 　　Workers in Turkey

　　土耳其工人

　　Not so safe

　　不太安全

　　Turkey's building and mining boom raises questions about workers' safety

　　土耳其建筑业和矿业的繁荣也给工人们的安全带了了问题

　　“THAT building was erected¹ on my brother's blood,” Damla Kiyak, a 20-year-old student, declares. Two years ago her 30-year-old brother, Baris, a construction worker, burned to death, with ten others, in a tent on the site of a shopping mall in Esenyurt. This urban sprawl² on the outskirts³ of Istanbul is a symbol of the building boom that is enriching Turkey's businessmen and politicians—and claiming the lives of thousands.

　　“那座建筑正建立在我兄弟的血肉之上，”年仅20的学生达姆拉·基亚克如是宣称。两年前她30岁的兄长巴里斯与其他10名建筑工人在Esenyurt的购物中心建筑工地的一个帐篷里被烧死。伊斯坦布尔郊区的这种城市扩张现象正是建筑业繁荣的一个标志，这也为土耳其的商人和政客们带来益处，但有数以千计的生命作为代价。

　　土耳其.jpg

　　The tent in which Baris died was meant for 50 people, but over 100 were crammed⁴ into it. They jammed electric blankets and stoves into a power outlet⁶ meant for telephone chargers. The tent was flammable. “Inspectors⁷ kept warning the owners that a fire was around the corner. They did nothing,” says Ms Kiyak, whose mother was approached by the firm to buy her silence. A legal fight over negligence⁸ by the owner continues.

　　巴里斯丧命的那个帐篷原本是只能容纳50人，但却被强制塞进了超过100人。他们通过一个原本用作手机充电的插座用来共用电热毯和炉子。帐篷是可燃物。“检察员一直都在警告住户火灾随时都会发生，但他们无动于衷，”基亚克称。公司试图收买她的妈妈使其保持沉默。关于巴里斯所属公司的疏忽的合法控诉还在继续。

　　At least 14,455 workers have died in industrial accidents since the Justice and Development (AK) party came to power in 2002. “Turkey has the worst worker safety record in Europe,” says Murat Cakir of Yangin Kulesi, an advocacy group. The neglect was revealed by a recent mine explosion in Soma, which killed 302, the highest toll⁹ in Turkish history. There was no refuge chamber¹⁰; oxygen masks did not work; methane¹¹ leaks and fires occurred daily.

　　自正义与发展党（AK）于2002年掌权后，至少有14455名工人死于工业事故。“在欧洲，土耳其的工人安全问题最严重，”来自宣传小组Yangin Kulesi的穆拉特·卡吉尔如是说道。这种疏忽因为最近索马的一场矿井爆炸而被揭露出来，那场爆炸致使302人死亡，伤亡人数创土耳其历史最高。在那个矿井里没有救生硐室，氧气面罩也不管用，每天都有甲烷泄漏和火灾发生。

　　In October in Ermenek, another mining town, 18 miners died when a shaft¹² flooded. “My son doesn't know how to swim,” cried a mother as rescue teams worked. Leaks had been detected, yet the owners did nothing, pushing workers to the limit. Miners talk of being forced to urinate in water bottles to save time.

　　10月，在另一个矿业城镇埃尔梅内，18名矿工克死于传送轴淹没。“我的儿子不会游泳，”当救援队救援时，一位母亲哀嚎。泄露的隐患早就被检测出来了，但是矿主无动于衷，仍旧将矿工们逼入绝境。矿工们称他们被强迫在水瓶内小便以节省时间。

　　“Safety inspectors typically tip off owners, palms are greased,” explains Erbay Yucak, a lawyer helping¹³ Ms Kiyak. “But previous governments seem less corrupt¹⁴ only because the economy was far smaller.” AK has rammed⁵ through laws to punish negligent¹⁵ employers, but Ahmet Davutoglu, the prime minister, concedes that to improve safety “mentalities must change”.

　　“安全检查员尤其和那些老板们暗中勾结，收取贿赂，”帮助基亚克的一名律师Erbay Yucak解释道：“但是以前的政府没这么腐败只是因为经济没有现在这么发达。”AK强行通过法律来向疏忽的雇主们施压，但是总理艾哈迈德·达甫托鲁承认为了提高安全质量“心态必须做出改变”。

　　In Esenyurt danger lurks¹⁶ in a high-voltage line near a cluster of new high-rise blocks. “Crime, drugs, pollution, unemployment, ethnic¹⁷ tensions, Syrian refugees. It's all there,” says Ayse Cavdar, a social anthropologist¹⁸. Esenyurt is a recruiting ground for jihadists, who are said to have been behind arson¹⁹ attacks on two Shia mosques²¹ in the summer. “Most people buy these flats online. They have no idea of the dangers,” says Atakan Ciftci, an opposition²² councillor.

　　在Esenyurt危险潜伏在一根靠近集群的新高楼街区的高压线中。“犯罪、毒品、污染、失业、种族关系紧张以及叙利亚难民。全都集中在那儿。”社会人类学家Ayse Cavdar称。Esenyurt是圣战者的招募园地，这些圣战者们据说是夏天两起什叶派清真寺纵火案的幕后凶手。“大多数人上网买这些旗帜。他们对危险一无所知，”反对派议员Atakan Ciftci称。

　　The government is reviving plans for a shopping centre at Gezi Park that triggered lethal²³ protests last year. The president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, is building an extravagant²⁴ new palace in Ankara. The culture ministry²⁵ wants a madrassa in the courtyard of the Haghia Sophia museum. Might this boost AK's hopes of converting the old church into a mosque²⁰?

　　政府正在重新计划在加济公园一家购物中心，这一计划在去年引发了强烈抗议。总统埃尔多安正在安卡拉修建一座极为豪华的新宫殿。文化部想要在Haghia Sophia博物馆拥有的土地上修建一所伊斯兰学校。这会帮助AK'达成将老教堂转变为一个清真寺的希望吗？

1 ERECTED   

adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立

参考例句：

• A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。
• A monument was erected to the memory of that great scientist. 树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家。

2 sprawl   

vi.躺卧，扩张，蔓延；vt.使蔓延；n.躺卧，蔓延

参考例句：

• In our garden,bushes are allowed to sprawl as they will.在我们园子里，灌木丛爱怎么蔓延就怎么蔓延。
• He is lying in a sprawl on the bed.他伸开四肢躺在床上。

3 outskirts   

n.郊外，郊区

参考例句：

• Our car broke down on the outskirts of the city.我们的汽车在市郊出了故障。
• They mostly live on the outskirts of a town.他们大多住在近郊。

4 crammed   

adj.塞满的，挤满的；大口地吃；快速贪婪地吃v.把…塞满；填入；临时抱佛脚( cram的过去式)

参考例句：

• He crammed eight people into his car. 他往他的车里硬塞进八个人。
• All the shelves were crammed with books. 所有的架子上都堆满了书。

5 rammed   

v.夯实（土等）( ram的过去式和过去分词 )；猛撞；猛压；反复灌输

参考例句：

• Two passengers were injured when their taxi was rammed from behind by a bus. 公共汽车从后面撞来，出租车上的两位乘客受了伤。
• I rammed down the earth around the newly-planted tree. 我将新栽的树周围的土捣硬。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 outlet   

n.出口/路；销路；批发商店；通风口；发泄

参考例句：

• The outlet of a water pipe was blocked.水管的出水口堵住了。
• Running is a good outlet for his energy.跑步是他发泄过剩精力的好方法。

7 inspectors   

n.检查员( inspector的名词复数 )；（英国公共汽车或火车上的）查票员；（警察）巡官；检阅官

参考例句：

• They got into the school in the guise of inspectors. 他们假装成视察员进了学校。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation. 检查员已检查过，通风良好。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 negligence   

n.疏忽，玩忽，粗心大意

参考例句：

• They charged him with negligence of duty.他们指责他玩忽职守。
• The traffic accident was allegedly due to negligence.这次车祸据说是由于疏忽造成的。

9 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

10 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

11 methane   

n.甲烷，沼气

参考例句：

• The blast was caused by pockets of methane gas that ignited.爆炸是由数袋甲烷气体着火引起的。
• Methane may have extraterrestrial significance.甲烷具有星际意义。

12 shaft   

n.(工具的)柄，杆状物

参考例句：

• He was wounded by a shaft.他被箭击中受伤。
• This is the shaft of a steam engine.这是一个蒸汽机主轴。

13 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

14 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

15 negligent   

adj.疏忽的；玩忽的；粗心大意的

参考例句：

• The committee heard that he had been negligent in his duty.委员会听说他玩忽职守。
• If the government is proved negligent,compensation will be payable.如果证明是政府的疏忽，就应支付赔偿。

16 lurks   

n.潜在，潜伏；（lurk的复数形式）vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的第三人称单数形式）

参考例句：

• Behind his cool exterior lurks a reckless and frustrated person. 在冷酷的外表背后，他是一个鲁莽又不得志的人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Good fortune lies within Bad, Bad fortune lurks within good. 福兮祸所倚，祸兮福所伏。 来自互联网

17 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

18 anthropologist   

n.人类学家，人类学者

参考例句：

• The lecturer is an anthropologist.这位讲师是人类学家。
• The anthropologist unearthed the skull of an ancient human at the site.人类学家在这个遗址挖掘出那块古人类的颅骨。

19 arson   

n.纵火，放火

参考例句：

• He was serving a ten spot for arson.他因纵火罪在服十年徒刑。
• He was arraigned on a charge of arson.他因被指控犯纵火罪而被传讯。

20 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

21 mosques   

清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Why make us believe that this tunnel runs underneath the mosques? 为什么要让我们相信这条隧洞是在清真寺下？
• The city's three biggest mosques, long fallen into disrepair, have been renovated. 城里最大的三座清真寺，过去年久失修，现在已经修复。

22 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

23 lethal   

adj.致死的；毁灭性的

参考例句：

• A hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
• She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。

24 extravagant   

adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的

参考例句：

• They tried to please him with fulsome compliments and extravagant gifts.他们想用溢美之词和奢华的礼品来取悦他。
• He is extravagant in behaviour.他行为放肆。

25 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。