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At the AEA conference Alvin Roth, a Nobel prizewinner, delivered a lecture on his life-saving work in the field of market design. 在AEA会议上,诺贝尔奖得主艾尔文·罗斯就他在市场设计领域中拯救生命的工作发表了演讲。
Someone who would be willing to donate a kidney to a friend or family member might be stymied2 by a difference in blood-type. 一个愿意捐肾给朋友或家人的人可能会因血型不同而受到阻碍。
Mr Roth circumvented3 this problem by developing matching markets, in which one person donates to a compatible stranger 罗斯先生通过发展配对市场来回避这个问题,在这个市场中,一个人向一个合适的陌生人捐赠,
and in turn receives another stranger’s compatible organ for use by the donor’s ailing4 loved-one. 而另一个人反过来会接受另一个陌生人的兼容器官,以供捐赠人生病的爱人使用。
Such swap5 groups can include scores of donors6 and recipients7, who might otherwise have died awaiting a transplant. 这样的交换团体可以包括许多捐赠人和受助人,否则他们可能会死于等待移植。
Were it legal to buy and sell organs, many more people might donate, helping9 to alleviate10 the deadly shortage. 如果买卖器官合法,更多的人可能会捐赠,帮助缓解致命的短缺。
This is an example of what Mr Roth calls a “repugnant market”, one which is constrained12 by popular distaste or moral unease. 这是罗斯先生所谓“令人厌恶的市场”的一个例子,这种市场受到普遍厌恶或道德不安的限制。
Repugnance13, he laments14, tilts15 the political playing field against ideas that unlock the gains from trade. 他哀叹道,反对将交易收益从交易中解放出来的想法,使政治上的竞争变得更加激烈。
He recommends that economists16 spend more time thinking about such taboos17, but mostly because they are a constraint18 on the use of markets in new contexts. 他建议经济学家们花更多时间思考这些禁忌,但主要是因为它们是在新语境下运用市场的限制。
These social rules also contain insights. 这些社会规则也包含了深刻的洞见。
In a paper discussing the organ trade Nicola Lacetera, of the University of Toronto, 多伦多大学的尼古拉·Lacetera在一篇探讨器官交易的论文中指出,
argues that there may be important reasons for moral objections to repugnant activity, and costs to abandoning such objections. 道德上反对令人厌恶的活动,及放弃这种反对意见的成本,可能是有重要原因的。
点击收听单词发音
1 recipient | |
a.接受的,感受性强的 n.接受者,感受者,容器 | |
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2 stymied | |
n.被侵袭的v.妨碍,阻挠( stymie的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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3 circumvented | |
v.设法克服或避免(某事物),回避( circumvent的过去式和过去分词 );绕过,绕行,绕道旅行 | |
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4 ailing | |
v.生病 | |
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5 swap | |
n.交换;vt.交换,用...作交易 | |
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6 donors | |
n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 );献血者;捐血者;器官捐献者 | |
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7 recipients | |
adj.接受的;受领的;容纳的;愿意接受的n.收件人;接受者;受领者;接受器 | |
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8 outstrips | |
v.做得比…更好,(在赛跑等中)超过( outstrip的第三人称单数 ) | |
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9 helping | |
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的 | |
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10 alleviate | |
v.减轻,缓和,缓解(痛苦等) | |
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11 qualms | |
n.不安;内疚 | |
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12 constrained | |
adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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13 repugnance | |
n.嫌恶 | |
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14 laments | |
n.悲恸,哀歌,挽歌( lament的名词复数 )v.(为…)哀悼,痛哭,悲伤( lament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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15 tilts | |
(意欲赢得某物或战胜某人的)企图,尝试( tilt的名词复数 ) | |
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16 economists | |
n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 ) | |
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17 taboos | |
禁忌( taboo的名词复数 ); 忌讳; 戒律; 禁忌的事物(或行为) | |
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18 constraint | |
n.(on)约束,限制;限制(或约束)性的事物 | |
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