经济学人: 清理海洋垃圾 (1)

 　　Few things exercise green sensibilities more these days than marine¹ plastic litter. 如今没有什么能像海洋塑料垃圾那样更能唤醒人们的环保意识。

　　The detritus² looks unsightly when it washes up on beaches, and cruel when it chokes photogenic sea creatures. 垃圾被冲到沙滩上的画面不堪入目，海洋生物被垃圾卡住的照片让人觉得不忍。

　　Scientists estimate that perhaps 8m tonnes of plastic waste enters the ocean each year, discharged by rivers or shed from ships. 科学家认为每年约有8百万公吨塑料垃圾流入海洋，这些垃圾来自河流或船只。

　　Plenty stays close to shore. Some, though, is carried by currents to mid-ocean gyres. 大量的垃圾堆积在海岸附近。一些垃圾在水流的作用下流入海洋中部环流。

　　The biggest of these is located halfway³ between California and Hawaii— 其中最大的环流位于加利福尼亚和夏威夷之间—

　　and so littered with flotsam that it has been nicknamed the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. 由于四处飘散的垃圾，这片区域被称为太平洋垃圾带。

　　A study published last March in Scientific Reports by Laurent LeBreton of the Ocean Cleanup, a Dutch charity, and colleagues, 去年3月，荷兰慈善机构Ocean Cleanup的Laurent LeBreton和同事在《科学报告》中发表的研究发现

　　found that it contains between 45,000 and 129,000 tonnes of plastic debris⁴ spread over an area roughly the size of Alaska. 这片区域有45,000至129,000公吨的塑料垃圾，漂浮面积与阿拉斯加州面积相当。

　　The idea of sweeping⁵ it all up might sound fanciful. To Boyan Slat it seemed merely ambitious. 清除所有垃圾的想法或许听起来不可思议。对博扬·斯拉特而言，他对这个想法雄心勃勃。

　　What if, he wondered in 2012 (then aged⁶ 18), you could build a massive bow-shaped floating barrier, 2012年的时候（当时他18岁），他就想可不可以建造一个大型弓状浮动挡板

　　anchor it to the seabed and let currents shuffle⁷ the litter into the scoop⁸? 将它抛到海底并让海流将垃圾冲到凹槽里。

　　Despite his youthful age and madcap scheme, Mr Slat set up the Ocean Cleanup to put it into practice. 虽然他年纪小且他的计划很狂妄，但是斯拉特成立了Ocean Cleanup将想法变成了现实。

　　Six years, 20m euros ($23m) and several prototypes later, the device set sail from San Francisco on September 8th, 6年时间里，在投入了2千万欧元（2300万美元）并建造了几个模型后，该设备最终于9月8日，

　　escorted by a Coast Guard vessel⁹, a shipload of camera crews and a flotilla of curious boaters. 在一艘缉私船、摄制组以及好奇船客组成的小舰队的护送下，从旧金山起航。

　　System 001, as the contraption has been christened, is a hollow cylinder¹⁰ 600 metres long and 1.2 metres in diameter, itself made of plastic (polyethylene). 由于该设备设计精巧所以起名为System 001。System 001是一个空心圆柱体，长600米，直径1.2米，本身由塑料（聚乙烯）制成。

　　It was moulded together into a seamless whole from 12-metre segments at a shipyard across the San Francisco Bay in Oakland. 该设备由12米长的断面铸成一个无接缝的整体，建造地是一家船厂横跨奥克兰旧金山湾。

1 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

2 detritus   

n.碎石

参考例句：

• Detritus usually consists of gravel, sand and clay.岩屑通常是由砂砾，沙和粘土组成的。
• A channel is no sooner cut than it chokes in its own detritus.一个河道刚被切割了不久，很快又被它自己的碎屑物质所充塞。

3 halfway   

adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途

参考例句：

• We had got only halfway when it began to get dark.走到半路，天就黑了。
• In study the worst danger is give up halfway.在学习上，最忌讳的是有始无终。

4 debris   

n.瓦砾堆，废墟，碎片

参考例句：

• After the bombing there was a lot of debris everywhere.轰炸之后到处瓦砾成堆。
• Bacteria sticks to food debris in the teeth,causing decay.细菌附着在牙缝中的食物残渣上，导致蛀牙。

5 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

6 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

7 shuffle   

n.拖著脚走，洗纸牌；v.拖曳，慢吞吞地走

参考例句：

• I wish you'd remember to shuffle before you deal.我希望在你发牌前记得洗牌。
• Don't shuffle your feet along.别拖着脚步走。

8 scoop   

n.铲子，舀取，独家新闻；v.汲取，舀取，抢先登出

参考例句：

• In the morning he must get his boy to scoop it out.早上一定得叫佣人把它剜出来。
• Uh,one scoop of coffee and one scoop of chocolate for me.我要一勺咖啡的和一勺巧克力的。

9 vessel   

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管

参考例句：

• The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
• You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

10 cylinder   

n.圆筒，柱(面)，汽缸

参考例句：

• What's the volume of this cylinder?这个圆筒的体积有多少？
• The cylinder is getting too much gas and not enough air.汽缸里汽油太多而空气不足。