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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Robert Owen, a British mill-owner and reformer, treated private property, along with organised religion and marriage, as a social scourge1. In 1825 he bought land for a farm-and-factory commune in Indiana. It attracted farmers, artisans and intellectuals. Tools, food and housing were free. The commune had mixed-sex schools and a library. It sponsored scientific research. Without a shared faith or purpose, however, the members split into competing groups. By 1827, Owen's secular2 community had disbanded. The difficulty of pursuing micro-communism in a capitalist society also dogged Cabet's American followers3. His New World Icarians split into several rival groupings. Shakers, Owenites and Icarians focused, each in their own way, on duties. They sought to tame human selfishness. Gloomy as he looked in portraits, the Frenchman Charles Fourier concentrated on fun. His writings inspired the Brook4 Farm commune near Boston and, less directly, Oneida. Fourier wanted to free people's instincts so that everyone, especially women, might lead a life of varied5 enjoyments6 and sensual delight. Stripped of emphasis on sex, Fourier's message that a good life was a cultivated life, not one of striving and work, appealed to New England intellectuals who formed Brook Farm's core.
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1
scourge
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n.灾难,祸害;v.蹂躏 | |
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secular
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n.牧师,凡人;adj.世俗的,现世的,不朽的 | |
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3
followers
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追随者( follower的名词复数 ); 用户; 契据的附面; 从动件 | |
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brook
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n.小河,溪;v.忍受,容让 | |
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varied
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adj.多样的,多变化的 | |
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enjoyments
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愉快( enjoyment的名词复数 ); 令人愉快的事物; 享有; 享受 | |
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mainstream
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n.(思想或行为的)主流;adj.主流的 | |
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8
foundered
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v.创始人( founder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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gender
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n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性 | |
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radical
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n.激进份子,原子团,根号;adj.根本的,激进的,彻底的 | |
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authoritarian
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n./adj.专制(的),专制主义者,独裁主义者 | |
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adversaries
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n.对手,敌手( adversary的名词复数 ) | |
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socialists
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社会主义者( socialist的名词复数 ) | |
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