经济学人38:扼杀了他的梦想

 　　Osama bin¹ Laden²

　　Now, kill his dream

　　扼杀了他的梦想

　　Osama bin Laden’s brand of brutal³ jihad is losing its appeal in the Arab world

　　本拉登的野蛮圣战呼声在阿拉伯国家减弱

　　A FEW bullets were enough. But the shots that killed Osama bin Laden in the dead of night on May 2nd in a fortified⁴ compound not far from Islamabad came after 15 years of dogged pursuit, two long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, well over $1 trillion of spending and around 150,000 deaths. It is a heavy reckoning for one man’s life.

　　几发子弹绰绰有余。5月2日晚，本拉登在伊斯兰郊区的寓所内被射杀身亡。经过15年不屈不挠地追踪，经历过伊朗和阿富汗两场持久战，花了超过万亿美元的费用，有大约15万人口的死亡。这些付出对于一个区区人命来说，实在是太沉重了。

　　Barack Obama, America’s president, will justifiably⁵ savor⁶ a moment so dearly bought. A reluctant warrior⁷ in other ways, he has not wavered in hunting down the foot soldiers and commanders of al-Qaeda as well as its elusive⁸ leader. The president chose a manned assault directly on Mr bin Laden rather than an air strike on his compound, as some of his advisers⁹ wished, and it paid off. Mr Obama was lucky, but he made his luck—and he deserves the credit that will now come his way (see Lexington).

　　美国总统奥巴马尽情地享受这个如此昂贵的时刻也在情理之中。从其它方面看，奥巴马并非是个勇士，他并不穷追猛打基地组织的步兵和指挥官，以及他们行事神秘的领导人。奥巴马选择直接袭击本拉登，他没有通过参与空袭增加他的砝码——就像他的谋士给他的建议一样，他的做法获得了收益。奥巴马是幸运的，但是，他的运气给他带来了预期的声望。

　　Mr Obama has been careful to warn that violent Islamism is still a dangerous force. Al-Qaeda is active, even without Mr bin Laden (see article). The alarming problems of Pakistan, Yemen and so many other places threaten to feed more violence. And yet the death of the world’s most wanted man comes just when radical¹⁰ Islam looks vulnerable to the changes sweeping¹¹ across the Middle East and North Africa. The task now facing all those who yearn¹² for a safer world is to isolate¹³ Mr bin Laden’s savage¹⁴ jihad just as surely as its creator was isolated¹⁵ behind his compound walls.

　　奥巴马小心翼翼地告诫，暴力的伊斯兰仍旧很危险。即使没有本拉登，基地组织还是很活跃的。巴基斯坦、也门和很多其它的地区很让人担忧，这些地方是个威胁，他们孕育着更多的恐怖力量。然而， 正值激进的伊斯兰面对横扫整个中东和北非的动乱而表现出比较脆弱的当口，世界上的头号通缉犯本拉登死期到了。现在，那些渴望和平的人们当前要做的是跟本拉登的粗暴的圣战运动撇清关系，就像它的创建者本拉登藏在层层高墙里面一样。

　　The man who warped¹⁶ a faith

　　扭曲了的信仰

　　Mr bin Laden matters because he swept up a ragbag of local grievances¹⁷ into a brand of intoxicating¹⁸ and violent jihad with worldwide pretensions¹⁹. His vision, however impractical²⁰, of purging²¹ Islam and establishing a single Islamic caliphate appealed to Muslims disgusted by the venality²² of their own elites²³. His means of bringing it about embraced an orgy of murder and martyrdom partly directed against the “Crusader” West, particularly America. Sad to say, that also appealed to many Muslims for a while. And the whole package was decked with the riches-to-rags story of Mr bin Laden himself—a man who had given up power and wealth in Saudi Arabia, lived simply and seemed almost charmed in his capacity to defy the mightiest²⁴ army in history (see Obituary).

　　本拉登是重要的。他把人们的不满都打包成袋，贴着令人兴奋的圣战的标签，曾获得人们的广泛支持。然而，他的远见是不切实际的。他肃清伊斯兰，建立单一的伊斯兰王权，这些让那些贪污成性的领导高层们反感。他对西方的改革作对——尤其是美国，其中给人们带来了狂乱的杀戮和牺牲者。很遗憾地说，这在短时间内吸引了很多穆斯林。这个袋子裹着本拉登的传奇，他由富变穷，他朴素地的生活，似乎他的魅力仅仅在于能够跟世界上最强大的军事力量作对，而现在他留下了在沙特阿拉伯的权利和财富，撒手归西。

　　Terrorists dream of setting the agenda, and in two ways Mr bin Laden succeeded beyond imagination. For many people, especially non-Muslims, the central place he reserved for violence tainted²⁵ the whole of Islam. Even as Westerners came to fear bloodthirsty and barbaric Muslims, Muslims deplored²⁶ degenerate²⁷ and imperialist Christians²⁸. Mr bin Laden’s brand of hatred²⁹ thrived on both those grotesque³⁰ stereotypes³¹.

　　从两个方面看来，本拉登超乎想象地达成了基地组织的目标。对于很多人，尤其是非穆斯林人，本拉登为恐怖活动而保留的中心地区使整个伊斯兰都受到了影响。即使西方人忧虑野蛮嗜杀的穆斯林人，穆斯林谴责堕落的帝国主义基督徒。本拉登的憎恨以奇怪的方式膨胀。

　　And by framing the fight as a clash of civilizations, he could draw the West into a global war on terror. The attacks of September 11th 2001 tipped America and the West into a fight that exacted a terrible price in blood and treasure. At home, America has diverted vast resources into a security bureaucracy. Abroad, it has been distracted from the historic challenge that American power faces in Asia.

　　号称是文明的冲突的原因，本拉登把西方国家拉入世界恐怖活动之中。2001年“911”的袭击将美国和西方拉进斗争，使美国人付出血和财富的恐怖的代价。在国内，美国在安全局投入大量财力。在国外，分散了美国挑战亚洲地区的力量。

　　Along the way, America has compromised the values that are its greatest strength. This was partly by accident, because war is always cruel and messy, but also by design, through the torture of jihadist detainees and the oblivion of Guantánamo. It is not yet clear whether finding Mr bin Laden depended on torture (it probably never will be clear, given that the interrogator’s lead identifying Mr bin Laden’s courier took years to bear fruit). What is certain is that his message prospered³² because he could dismiss America’s commitment to freedom and human rights and claim that the country abused Muslims.

　　一直以来，美国把价值观作为自己最大的优势。这也许是偶然，因为战争总是残忍和肮脏的。但这也是有意的，美国拷打圣战囚徒，漠视关塔那摩监狱。现在尚未明晰的是找到本拉登是否是拷问的结果（这也许永远不会明晰，考虑到审讯本拉登的人员需要多年的时间才问出结果）。可以肯定的是，本拉登的情报很成功，他散布的情报声称，美国虐待穆斯林，这使得美国的表现与他们对自由和人权承诺自相矛盾。

　　That message is potent³³ enough to survive Mr bin Laden’s death. Stuck in his compound, without a telephone or the internet, he had anyway become a remote figure. The al-Qaeda franchise³⁴, spread across the Sahel, in the Arabian Peninsula and in cells around the world, will surely now seek to prove its potency³⁵. The hope is that the computers, discs and drives American special forces seized during their raid will wreck³⁶ such plans. Terrorism being what it is, though, an attack sooner or later has every

　　chance of succeeding.

　　这个情报足以让本拉登活命。他藏自己的院子里，没有电话，也上不了网。总之，他成了一个疏远主流的人物。基地组织的力量遍布撒赫尔和阿拉伯半岛，还有世界上的某些小房间里。现在，这些力量力求表现他们的能力。现在只希望电脑、磁盘和驱动这些特殊的力量能在他们的袭击中能破坏这些计划。恐怖主义的袭击，迟早都会得手。

　　Strategic failure

　　战略性失败

　　Even if it does, that should not obscure the fact that Mr bin Laden’s infamy³⁷ in the West is losing its power to inspire his own people. This partly reflects the failure of violence to accomplish the goals he set himself in the Muslim world. Despite years of bloody³⁸ strife³⁹, the Western way of life has continued to encroach on Muslims. Jihad has failed to banish⁴⁰ non-Muslim troops from Islamic countries. Western forces remain in Iraq and Afghanistan. Kashmir is home to the Indian army, and Chechnya to the Russians. Israel still flourishes. Not one treacherous⁴¹ Arab government has yielded to the caliphate.

　　即使袭击成功，也不能遮掩本拉登在西方恶行，这对鼓舞他的民众逐渐无力。这一定程度上反映了他在穆斯林的目标的流产。即使经历多年的流血斗争，西方的生活方式还是继续侵入穆斯林世界。圣战组织不能把非穆斯林军队驱逐出伊斯兰国家。西方力量还在伊朗和阿富汗。印度的军队还驻扎在克什米尔，俄罗斯也还占领车臣。以色列还在发展。没有任何一个危险阿拉伯政府屈从于伊斯兰王权。

　　More than that, Mr bin Laden’s desire to murder his way to salvation⁴² has at last aroused widespread disgust among Muslims. After al-Qaeda slaughtered⁴³ Shia and Sunni Muslims in their thousands in Iraq, even fellow jihadis began to condemn⁴⁴ his doctrine⁴⁵ of takfir, under which radicals⁴⁶ took it upon themselves to declare other Muslim apostates⁴⁷ and kill them. According to a poll by the Pew Research Centre, confidence in Mr bin Laden in the Palestinian territories has fallen from 72% in 2003 to 34% now. In Jordan it is down from 56% to 13%.

　　而且，至少本拉登企图救助穆斯林的方式在该地区激起普遍的反感。基地组织杀戮了伊朗的什叶派和逊尼派数千人之后，圣战追随者开始谴责他异教的说法。在他的异教说引导下，激进者惟命是从，把其它穆斯林当成叛徒并将其杀害。皮尔研究中心的民意调查显示，巴勒斯坦地区人们对本拉登的信心指数从2003年的72%降到现在的34%，约旦地区这一指数从56%降到了13%。

　　That still leaves a huge reservoir for recruits, but they have been hard to spot in the uprisings sweeping the Arab world. So far the Arab spring has cast violent jihad to the margins⁴⁸. When young Egyptians crowded into Cairo’s Tahrir Square, they wanted rights, not a caliph. Even the Muslim Brothers look as if they will opt⁴⁹ for civil society rather than theocracy⁵⁰.

　　这仍有燎原的空间，但是在阿拉伯世界的起义中很难做到。目前阿拉伯起义把暴力的圣战者逼到了悬崖边上。新生的埃及人涌向开罗的解放广场，他们需要的是权利，而不是一个哈里发这样的统治者。甚至是穆斯林兄弟看起来好像更适合文明的社会，而非神权统治。

　　Political change in the Arab world will be neither smooth nor immediate⁵¹. In some places it is sure to go wrong; in others it may yield to hard-line Islam. And yet, thanks to the Arab spring, Islam stands its best chance in generations of re-engaging with politics to found institutions in which religious and civil life can coexist. That would be a devastating⁵² refutation of Mr bin Laden’s ideology⁵³ of universal Muslim struggle.

　　阿拉伯世界的政变坎坷缓慢。在一些地方人们的确是走错了路。另一些地方则可能屈从于强硬的伊斯兰。然而，多亏了阿拉伯起义，伊斯兰有绝好的机会让新一代的人们建立政治机构，让文明与宗教并存。这对本拉登追求统一的穆斯林这个理想本身又是一个彻底的反击。

　　How to encourage it? First, don’t relent on counter-terrorism. Al-Qaeda will need stopping for years to come. Second, recognize that jihadists will be defeated mainly by Muslims themselves. That means stabilizing⁵⁴ the crescent of Muslim countries, mostly outside the Arab world, where broken government has allowed terrorism to gain a hold. All are hard cases. Some, like Somalia and Mali, are only susceptible⁵⁵ to containment⁵⁶ at best. Afghanistan is close enough to the drawdown of NATO troops in 2014 not to pull out in haste. Most worrying of all is Pakistan (see Banyan). In spite of what looks like duplicity over Mr bin Laden’s hiding place, the nuclear power is too dangerous to abandon. Better for America to hold Pakistan close than cut it loose.

　　那么怎样鼓励伊斯兰的新生？首先，继续反恐斗争。因为基地组织不得不休养生息数年。第二，认识到圣战组织将主要被穆斯林自身击败。那意味着要稳定新的穆斯林国家，他们大多是阿拉伯国家之外的国家，这些国家的破败不堪的政府可能被恐怖组织控制。这两点都是难办的事情。有些国家最容易受牵制，比如索马里和马里。北约军队如果不马上撤离的话，阿富汗2014年就会覆亡。最令人担忧的是巴基斯坦。除了可能会有本拉登的藏身之地外，巴基斯坦的核武器也危险而让人不得不放弃。美国最好是严密监控巴基斯坦不放松。

　　And last there are the Arab countries. Peace between Israel and the Palestinians would help (see article); but more vital is Western support for the aspirations⁵⁷ of the Arab spring. When Mr bin Laden struck on 9/11 the West had few means of defending itself but by attacking him directly and by striking a Faustian bargain with the Arab world’s oppressive rulers. His death comes when Arab opinion is at last flowing in a new direction. It is too good a chance to waste.

　　最后，还需要担心阿拉伯国家。以色列和巴基斯坦的和平是有益的。更重要的是西方国家支持阿拉伯国家改革的愿望。本拉登911袭击事件之后，西方国家没有采取措施自卫，而是直接袭击本拉登，魔鬼般地打击这个压迫阿拉伯的领导人。在阿拉伯终于有新的方向的时候，本拉登死了。这个时机千载难逢，不容错失。

1 bin   

n.箱柜；vt.放入箱内；[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件

参考例句：

• He emptied several bags of rice into a bin.他把几袋米倒进大箱里。
• He threw the empty bottles in the bin.他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱。

2 laden   

adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的

参考例句：

• He is laden with heavy responsibility.他肩负重任。
• Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将满载货物的船拖过沙丘是一件了不起的事。

3 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

4 fortified   

adj. 加强的

参考例句：

• He fortified himself against the cold with a hot drink. 他喝了一杯热饮御寒。
• The enemy drew back into a few fortified points. 敌人收缩到几个据点里。

5 justifiably   

adv.无可非议地

参考例句：

• There General Walters would come aboard to greet me, justifiably beaming with pride at his arrangement. 在那儿沃尔特斯将军会登上飞机来接我，理所当然为他们的安排感到洋洋得意。 来自辞典例句
• The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. 中国人似乎为他们的经济成就感到自豪，这是无可非议的。 来自互联网

6 savor   

vt.品尝，欣赏；n.味道，风味；情趣，趣味

参考例句：

• The soup has a savor of onion.这汤有洋葱味。
• His humorous remarks added a savor to our conversation.他幽默的话语给谈话增添了风趣。

7 warrior   

n.勇士，武士，斗士

参考例句：

• The young man is a bold warrior.这个年轻人是个很英勇的武士。
• A true warrior values glory and honor above life.一个真正的勇士珍视荣誉胜过生命。

8 elusive   

adj.难以表达(捉摸)的；令人困惑的；逃避的

参考例句：

• Try to catch the elusive charm of the original in translation.翻译时设法把握住原文中难以捉摸的风韵。
• Interpol have searched all the corners of the earth for the elusive hijackers.国际刑警组织已在世界各地搜查在逃的飞机劫持者。

9 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

10 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

11 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

12 yearn   

v.想念；怀念；渴望

参考例句：

• We yearn to surrender our entire being.我们渴望着放纵我们整个的生命。
• Many people living in big cities yearn for an idyllic country life.现在的很多都市人向往那种田园化的生活。

13 isolate   

vt.使孤立，隔离

参考例句：

• Do not isolate yourself from others.不要把自己孤立起来。
• We should never isolate ourselves from the masses.我们永远不能脱离群众。

14 savage   

adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人

参考例句：

• The poor man received a savage beating from the thugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。
• He has a savage temper.他脾气粗暴。

15 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

16 warped   

adj.反常的；乖戾的；（变）弯曲的；变形的v.弄弯，变歪( warp的过去式和过去分词 )；使（行为等）不合情理，使乖戾，

参考例句：

• a warped sense of humour 畸形的幽默感
• The board has warped. 木板翘了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

17 grievances   

n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚

参考例句：

• The trade union leader spoke about the grievances of the workers. 工会领袖述说工人们的苦情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• He gave air to his grievances. 他申诉了他的冤情。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 intoxicating   

a. 醉人的,使人兴奋的

参考例句：

• Power can be intoxicating. 权力能让人得意忘形。
• On summer evenings the flowers gave forth an almost intoxicating scent. 夏日的傍晚，鲜花散发出醉人的芳香。

19 pretensions   

自称( pretension的名词复数 )； 自命不凡； 要求； 权力

参考例句：

• The play mocks the pretensions of the new middle class. 这出戏讽刺了新中产阶级的装模作样。
• The city has unrealistic pretensions to world-class status. 这个城市不切实际地标榜自己为国际都市。

20 impractical   

adj.不现实的，不实用的，不切实际的

参考例句：

• He was hopelessly impractical when it came to planning new projects.一到规划新项目，他就完全没有了实际操作的能力。
• An entirely rigid system is impractical.一套完全死板的体制是不实际的。

21 purging   

清洗； 清除； 净化； 洗炉

参考例句：

• You learned the dry-mouthed, fear-purged, purging ecstasy of battle. 你体会到战斗中那种使人嘴巴发干的，战胜了恐惧并排除其他杂念的狂喜。
• Purging databases, configuring, and making other exceptional requests might fall into this category. 比如清空数据库、配置，以及其他特别的请求等都属于这个类别。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

22 venality   

n.贪赃枉法，腐败

参考例句：

23 elites   

精华( elite的名词复数 )； 精锐； 上层集团； （统称）掌权人物

参考例句：

• The elites are by their nature a factor contributing to underdevelopment. 这些上层人物天生是助长欠发达的因素。
• Elites always detest gifted and nimble outsiders. 社会名流对天赋聪明、多才多艺的局外人一向嫌恶。

24 mightiest   

adj.趾高气扬( mighty的最高级 )；巨大的；强有力的；浩瀚的

参考例句：

• \"If thou fearest to leave me in our cottage, thou mightiest take me along with thee. “要是你害怕把我一个人留在咱们的小屋里，你可以带我一块儿去那儿嘛。 来自英汉文学 - 红字
• Silent though is, after all, the mightiest agent in human affairs. 确实，沉默毕竟是人类事件中最强大的代理人。 来自互联网

25 tainted   

adj.腐坏的；污染的；沾污的；感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 )；使污染；败坏；被污染，腐坏，败坏

参考例句：

• The administration was tainted with scandal. 丑闻使得政府声名狼藉。
• He was considered tainted by association with the corrupt regime. 他因与腐败政府有牵连而名誉受损。 来自《简明英汉词典》

26 deplored   

v.悲叹，痛惜，强烈反对( deplore的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They deplored the price of motor car, textiles, wheat, and oil. 他们悲叹汽车、纺织品、小麦和石油的价格。 来自辞典例句
• Hawthorne feels that all excess is to be deplored. 霍桑觉得一切过分的举动都是可悲的。 来自辞典例句

27 degenerate   

v.退步，堕落；adj.退步的，堕落的；n.堕落者

参考例句：

• He didn't let riches and luxury make him degenerate.他不因财富和奢华而自甘堕落。
• Will too much freedom make them degenerate?太多的自由会令他们堕落吗？

28 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

29 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。

30 grotesque   

adj.怪诞的，丑陋的；n.怪诞的图案，怪人（物）

参考例句：

• His face has a grotesque appearance.他的面部表情十分怪。
• Her account of the incident was a grotesque distortion of the truth.她对这件事的陈述是荒诞地歪曲了事实。

31 stereotypes   

n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
• It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

32 prospered   

成功，兴旺( prosper的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The organization certainly prospered under his stewardship. 不可否认，这个组织在他的管理下兴旺了起来。
• Mr. Black prospered from his wise investments. 布莱克先生由于巧妙的投资赚了不少钱。

33 potent   

adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的

参考例句：

• The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
• We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。

34 franchise   

n.特许，特权，专营权，特许权

参考例句：

• Catering in the schools is run on a franchise basis.学校餐饮服务以特许权经营。
• The United States granted the franchise to women in 1920.美国于1920年给妇女以参政权。

35 potency   

n. 效力，潜能

参考例句：

• Alcohol increases the drug's potency.酒精能增加这种毒品的效力。
• Sunscreen can lose its potency if left over winter in the bathroom cabinet.如果把防晒霜在盥洗室的壁橱里放一个冬天，就有可能失效。

36 wreck   

n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难

参考例句：

• Weather may have been a factor in the wreck.天气可能是造成这次失事的原因之一。
• No one can wreck the friendship between us.没有人能够破坏我们之间的友谊。

37 infamy   

n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行

参考例句：

• They may grant you power,honour,and riches but afflict you with servitude,infamy,and poverty.他们可以给你权力、荣誉和财富，但却用奴役、耻辱和贫穷来折磨你。
• Traitors are held in infamy.叛徒为人所不齿。

38 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

39 strife   

n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争

参考例句：

• We do not intend to be drawn into the internal strife.我们不想卷入内乱之中。
• Money is a major cause of strife in many marriages.金钱是造成很多婚姻不和的一个主要原因。

40 banish   

vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除

参考例句：

• The doctor advised her to banish fear and anxiety.医生劝她消除恐惧和忧虑。
• He tried to banish gloom from his thought.他试图驱除心中的忧愁。

41 treacherous   

adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的

参考例句：

• The surface water made the road treacherous for drivers.路面的积水对驾车者构成危险。
• The frozen snow was treacherous to walk on.在冻雪上行走有潜在危险。

42 salvation   

n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困

参考例句：

• Salvation lay in political reform.解救办法在于政治改革。
• Christians hope and pray for salvation.基督教徒希望并祈祷灵魂得救。

43 slaughtered   

v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The invading army slaughtered a lot of people. 侵略军杀了许多人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Hundreds of innocent civilians were cruelly slaughtered. 数百名无辜平民遭残杀。 来自《简明英汉词典》

44 condemn   

vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑

参考例句：

• Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
• We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。

45 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

46 radicals   

n.激进分子( radical的名词复数 )；根基；基本原理；[数学]根数

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals. 一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The worry is that the radicals will grow more intransigent. 现在人们担忧激进分子会变得更加不妥协。 来自辞典例句

47 apostates   

n.放弃原来信仰的人( apostate的名词复数 )；叛教者；脱党者；反叛者

参考例句：

48 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

49 opt   

vi.选择，决定做某事

参考例句：

• They opt for more holiday instead of more pay.他们选择了延长假期而不是增加工资。
• Will individual schools be given the right to opt out of the local school authority?各个学校可能有权选择退出地方教育局吗？

50 theocracy   

n.神权政治；僧侣政治

参考例句：

• Shangzhou was an important period for the formation and development of theocracy.商周时期是神权政治形成与发展的重要阶段。
• The Muslim brothers look as if they will opt for civil society rather than theocracy.穆斯林兄弟看起来好像更适合文明的社会，而非神权统治。

51 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

52 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

53 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

54 stabilizing   

n.稳定化处理[退火]v.（使）稳定， （使）稳固( stabilize的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The disulfide bridges might then be viewed primarily as stabilizing components. 二硫桥可以被看作是初级的稳定因素。 来自辞典例句
• These stabilizing design changes are usually not desirable for steady-state operation. 这些增加稳定性的设计改变通常不太符合稳态工作的要求。 来自辞典例句

55 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

56 containment   

n.阻止，遏制；容量

参考例句：

• Your list might include such things as cost containment,quality,or customer satisfaction.你的清单上应列有诸如成本控制、产品质量、客户满意程度等内容。
• Insularity and self-containment,it is argued,go hand in hand.他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。

57 aspirations   

强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音

参考例句：

• I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
• The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。