经济学人276:新墨西哥州州长怎样赢得人心

 　　New Mexico’s governor

　　新墨西哥州州长

　　How to grab them

　　怎样赢得人心

　　Susana Martinez shows how Republicans might one day woo Latinos

　　苏珊娜?马丁内斯的作为表明，也许有一天共和党会迎合拉美裔人

　　The Republicans’ new weapon

　　共和党的新武器

　　TORIBIO ORTEGA, who supposedly fired the first shot in the Mexican Revolution a century ago, would have been surprised if told that a descendant of his would one day run an American state. So would Adolfo Martinez, another Mexican revolutionary, who crossed the sparsely¹ patrolled border into America in the 1920s (whether legally or not is unclear from census² records). But today Susana Martinez of New Mexico, great-granddaughter of the former and granddaughter of the latter, does just that: she is America’s first Latina governor.

　　一般认为，是托里比奥?奥尔特加打响了一个世纪以前墨西哥革命的第一枪。这名革命者如果知道有一天他的后人会当上美国州长，一定会惊讶得目瞪口呆。要是换成阿道夫?马丁内斯，也会一样惊讶。他也是墨西哥革命者，在上个世纪二十年代穿越了防备松懈的边境进入美国（从人口普查数据无法得知此次越境是否合法）。而今天，奥尔特加的曾外孙女，同时也是马丁内斯的孙女，苏珊娜?马丁内斯确实做到了：她当上了新墨西哥州州长，成为了美国历史上第一位拉丁裔女州长。

　　Her Democratic predecessor⁴, Bill Richardson, is of Mexican descent on his mother’s side. And Brian Sandoval in Nevada is both Latino and Republican. But Ms Martinez is the only governor who is simultaneously⁵ Hispanic, female and Republican. As such, she seems well on the way to embodying⁶ the party’s hoped-for future as a conservative movement that can appeal to, rather than repel⁷, Latinos, America’s fastest-growing main ethnic⁸ group.

　　前任州长、民主党人比尔?理查森的母亲是墨西哥人。内华达州州长布莱恩?桑多瓦尔既是拉丁裔又是共和党人。但是马丁内斯是唯一一名共和党拉丁裔的女性州长。由于她的特殊身份，马丁内斯似乎正在成为一种形象，代表着共和党所希望的未来：即把共和党转变为一个吸引，而不是压制美国增长最快的主要民族群体－拉美裔人的保守派运动。

　　This is why many Republican strategists are now studying her. New Mexico, which has the highest share (almost half) of Latinos of any state in the country, is, along with Colorado and Nevada, an important swing state for 2012. John McCain, the Republican candidate last time and a senator from Arizona, thinks that Latinos are up for grabs in these states and even in his own, if Republicans will just change their nativist tone.

　　这就是为什么现在有众多共和党战略家研究她的策略。新墨西哥州人口中拉美裔的比例全国最高，接近总人口的一半。它和科罗拉多以及内华达州一样，都是2012年大选中重要的“摇摆州”（swing state，竞选双方势均力敌，都没有明显优势的州）。上一届总统选举时共和党总统候选人、亚利桑那州参议员约翰?麦凯恩认为，如果共和党改变他们排斥移民的本土主义论调，那么上述三个州、甚至亚利桑那州的拉美裔人都是可以争取到的。

　　This is old news to Ms Martinez. Sitting in Santa Fe’s remarkably⁹ informal Roundhouse, as the state capitol is nicknamed in homage¹⁰ to old Navajo hogans, she describes her conversion¹¹ to Republicanism as a Damascene moment. Like most Latinos, she and her husband, Chuck Franco, started out as Democrats¹² “because our parents were”. Then, one day in the 1990s, she and Mr Franco had lunch with two local Republicans. “They just asked questions, never asked us to switch party,” recalls Ms Martinez. And yet, as they sat in the car after the lunch, Ms Martinez turned to her husband and said, “Chuck, we’re Republicans. What do we do now?”

　　这种说法对于马丁内斯来说已经是陈词滥调。她正坐在圣达菲的带有强烈异族风格的名为“圆屋”的州议会大厦中——起这个名字是为了纪念印第安纳瓦霍的古老的木条泥屋——描述她从一名民主党人转变成一名共和党人的过程，说这是一次信仰的颠覆。像大多数的拉丁裔人一样，她和丈夫查克?弗朗哥一开始都是民主党人“因为我们的双亲都是民主党人”。上个世纪九十年代的某一天，夫妻俩和当地的两名共和党共进午餐。“他们只是问一些问题，但是根本没有让我们改变党派。”马丁内斯回忆说。然而，午餐后夫妻俩回到车中，马丁内斯转向丈夫，说：“查克，我觉得我们现在是共和党人了。怎么办？”

　　She is only now beginning to work out her answer. Last year, when she ran for governor, she focused less on philosophy and more [color=Red]on fatigue¹³ with Mr Richardson, a Democrat³ who was termed out of office but had a reputation for sleaze. (A probe by a grand jury, the latest of several, is investigating alleged¹⁴ campaign-finance problems dating to his run for president in 2008.)

　　而直到现在她才开始寻找这个问题的答案。去年竞选州长时，她没有过分宣传自己的理念，而是主要利用人们对理查森的厌倦争取支持。民主党人理查森带着昭著的臭名期满离任。（一个大陪审团已经对他展开调查，最近的是调查他2008年参加总统竞选时的竞选融资问题。）

　　So Ms Martinez, so far, has simply tried to represent clean government. Her most photogenic act was to sell the state jet, a Cessna Citation¹⁵ Bravo, which Mr Richardson, she implied, had used as “a personal air taxi”. She even fired his cooks.

　　因此，到目前为止马丁内斯都只是在努力建立一个清廉的政府。她最值得夸耀的举动就是卖掉了州政府中的Cessna Citation Bravo 喷气机，她说理查森曾经将这架喷气机用作“私人空中的士”。她甚至还解雇了理查森的厨师。

1 sparsely   

adv.稀疏地；稀少地；不足地；贫乏地

参考例句：

• Relative to the size, the city is sparsely populated. 与其面积相比，这个城市的人口是稀少的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The ground was sparsely covered with grass. 地面上稀疏地覆盖草丛。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 census   

n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查

参考例句：

• A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
• The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。

3 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

4 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

5 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

6 embodying   

v.表现( embody的现在分词 )；象征；包括；包含

参考例句：

• Every instrument constitutes an independent contract embodying a payment obligation. 每张票据都构成一份独立的体现支付义务的合同。 来自口语例句
• Fowth, The aesthetical transcendency and the beauty embodying the man's liberty. \" 第四部分：审美的超越和作为人类自由最终体现的“美”。 来自互联网

7 repel   

v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥

参考例句：

• A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
• Particles with similar electric charges repel each other.电荷同性的分子互相排斥。

8 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

9 remarkably   

ad.不同寻常地，相当地

参考例句：

• I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
• He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。

10 homage   

n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬

参考例句：

• We pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare.我们对莎士比亚的天才表示敬仰。
• The soldiers swore to pay their homage to the Queen.士兵们宣誓效忠于女王陛下。

11 conversion   

n.转化，转换，转变

参考例句：

• He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
• Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。

12 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

14 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

15 citation   

n.引用，引证，引用文；传票

参考例句：

• He had to sign the proposition for the citation.他只好在受奖申请书上签了字。
• The court could issue a citation and fine Ms. Robbins.法庭可能会发传票，对罗宾斯女士处以罚款。