经济学人397:英国二战女特工南希·威克

 　　Obituary;Nancy Wake;

　　讣告；南希·威克；

　　Nancy Wake—saboteur and special agent, died on August 7th, aged¹ 98.

　　南希·威克——二战间功勋卓越的英国间谍特工，8月7日去世，享年98岁。

　　Convivial², and not averse³ to a drink, Nancy Wake could often be found cheering up a cocktail⁴ bar. In the late 1940s, and again towards the end of her life, it might have been the American Bar of the Stafford Hotel, just across the road from The Economist’s offices in London. In 1940, when she was living as a newlywed in Vichy France, it could have been another American Bar, this one in the H?tel du Louvre et de la Paix in Marseilles. It was a chance encounter here with an English officer, interned⁵ by the French authorities but that day on parole, which led to her membership of the resistance, and then to her role as an agent of the British Special Operations Executive in occupied France. Of the 39 SOE women infiltrated⁶ into France, 11 of whom would die in concentration camps, she was perhaps the most redoubtable⁷.

　　热衷于聚会派对，从不拒绝美酒的南希·威克经常出现在鸡尾酒会。到她生命的最后一段时光也是如此，可能她就出现在伦敦《经济学家》杂志社办公大楼对面的斯塔福耶酒店的美国酒馆。上世纪40年代时亦是如此，1940年她刚刚结婚，嫁到维希政权下的法国，那时她经常出现在另一家美国酒馆，在巴黎卢浮旅馆里或者在马赛和平旅馆里。在那里，她很偶然地碰到一位被法国当局保释的在囚英国军官。 这位军官后来带领她加入了抵抗德国纳粹的运动中，也使她成为了英国特别行动处驻占领的法国的一位特工。而在特别行动处39位渗入法国的女特工中，11名没有在德国纳粹集中营中丧生，而她也许是其中最令人敬畏的那个。

　　From her earliest days, Miss Wake combined opposing qualities. She was disciplined, but at the same time a free spirit. In Sydney, to which her large family had moved after leaving her birthplace in New Zealand, she twice ran away from home. As soon as she could, she made her way to London, then to Paris to work as a freelance journalist. There it was her cheerful independence as much as her good looks that caught the eye of the rich French industrialist⁸, Henri Fiocca, who would take her to Marseilles as his wife.

　　早在还是个女孩的时候，威克身上就有了相反的特质。她遵守纪律，同时却又热爱自由。她随大家庭从家乡新西兰搬到悉尼后，就离家出走过两次。她一长到足够负担自己的生活的年纪，就自己去了伦敦生活，然后又到巴黎做了自由记者。她那值得庆贺的独立以及她夺人眼球的美貌，捕获了一位法国企业家亨利·费奥卡的心。随后他们结了婚，来到了马赛。

　　She enjoyed her new life of luxury while it lasted, but she was no flibbertigibbet. Soon after meeting the interned British officer, she was helping⁹ to get similar Allied¹⁰ airmen, refugees and escaped prisoners-of-war out of occupied France and into Britain. She took a flat, ostensibly for a lover, in fact for the resistance, sheltered men on the run and became a crucial part of the southern escape line to Spain, travelling all over southern France from Nice to Names to Perpignan, with clothing, money and false documents.

　　她很享受奢华的新生活，但她并不是那种只知享乐的肤浅的人。在她遇到那名被拘禁的英国军官后不久，她就帮着将与他情况相似的盟军飞行员、难民和在逃战俘逃从被占领的法国转移到英国。她买了栋公寓，表面上看是为了会情人用的，但实际上是为了庇护抵抗军。她带着衣物、钱和假造的公文，从尼斯到尼姆再到配里皮昂在法国南部来回奔走，成为法国南部向西班牙逃亡路线的一个关键部分。

　　Inevitably¹¹, she was arrested. Beaten up and questioned for four days, she revealed nothing. It was this steadiness and loyalty¹² to her comrades that most appealed to the British officers who later agreed to train her to become an SOE agent.

　　不可避免地，她被逮捕了。敌人鞭打拷问了她四天，她却什么都没有泄露。正是这种坚持稳定和对同志的忠诚打动了那位英国军官，成为他后来同意将她训练为一名特别行动处特工的最重要原因。

　　Other qualities were evident by then. Her femininity was never in doubt. It helped her escape capture, not just because she could on occasion flirt¹³ her way out of trouble, but also because her Gestapo pursuers assumed any woman as skilful¹⁴ in evading¹⁵ them must be a butch matron (though because of her ability to scuttle¹⁶ off the Germans called her “the White Mouse”). When she was with the Maquis, silk stockings and Elizabeth Arden face cream were often dropped for her by parachute, along with Sten guns, radios and grenades. Yet she conformed to no stereotype¹⁷, swearing in the vernacular¹⁸ in the coarsest of terms, living for months in the woods and fighting, in the words of a confrère, not like a man but “like five men”.

　　那时她的其它优秀品质也已经非常明显。她的女性魅力是毋庸置疑的。这帮助她成功逃离拘捕，并不只是因为他能偶尔靠美人计脱险，还因为她的那些盖世太保追求者们认为任何擅长回避他们追求的人必定是个男人婆 （不过因为她非常善于逃跑，德国纳粹称她为“白鼠”）。 在法国抗德游击队工作那会儿，组织经常空降丝袜、伊莉莎白·雅顿的面霜，以及斯特恩式轻机关枪、收音机和手榴弹给她。然而，她绝不是一般的女人。她可以用最脏的法国方言骂人，她也可以在茂林作战数月。用一位同事的话说，她根本不像一个男人，她“像五个男人”。

　　Her fearlessness seemed to come from a total lack of self-doubt. The certainty with which she held her beliefs—she hated the Nazis¹⁹, having seen them whipping Jews in Vienna before the war, loved France and was intensely loyal to Britain—freed her of any sense of guilt²⁰. This in turn enabled her to act as though she were utterly²¹ innocent, even when claiming to be the cousin of an imprisoned²² Scottish captain, or chatting to a Gestapo officer with 200lb of illegal pork in her suitcase.

　　她的英勇无畏似乎因为她从不自我怀疑。她那种斩钉截铁的确定和由此而来的信念——对战前在维也纳鞭笞犹太人的纳粹的痛恨、对法国的热爱以及对英国无比的忠诚——使她从不愧疚。因此，即使她公开撒谎自己是一名囚禁的苏格兰上校的表妹，或者是在包里藏着两百磅非法猪肉与一名盖世太保军官交谈，她也表现地底气十足、气定神闲。

　　It was sheer guts²³, though, that got her over the Pyrenees in her espradilles when the Germans were at her heels. And back in Britain in 1943 it was her character rather than her skills or physical abilities that got her through her training in grenade throwing, silent killing²⁴ and parachute jumping. As for violence, she hated it—until she became hardened.

　　然而，完全是巨大的勇气，使得她在德国纳粹紧跟其后的情况下，穿着她那破旧的帆布鞋，穿越了比利牛斯山。而再往前，1943年在英国时，正是因为她的顽强的性格，而不是她的技术或身体素质，使她通过了扔手榴弹、无声杀人和跳伞训练。她痛恨暴力，直到她变得无坚不摧。

　　That began in April 1944, when Captain (as she now was) Wake and another SOE agent were parachuted into the Auvergne in south-central France. Their immediate²⁵ job was to work with the local Maquis to cause as much disruption as possible before D-day five weeks later. Now the fighting began, and Captain Wake showed herself more than willing to take part, readily joining raiding parties, blowing up local Gestapo headquarters and ambushing²⁶ German patrols.

　　那是1944年4月，威克成为了上尉（到现在一直是），她和另外一位英国特别行动处特工空降在法国中南部的奥弗涅。他们当时的任务是与当地的抗德游击队员一起，尽可能多地制造混乱，为五周后的诺曼底登陆做准备。现在斗争开始了，威克上尉显然不只是要去参与其中，她自愿加入了突击队，端掉了盖世太保的总指挥部，并突袭了德国巡逻兵。

　　She did not enjoy killing a German sentry²⁷ with her bare hands, but she was unsentimental. Likewise, she saw the necessity of killing a German woman captured by some of her Maquis colleagues who admitted to being a spy. Though she had been raped²⁹ and tortured, Captain Wake ordered her to be shot—or, if the captain’s later suggestion is to be believed, she herself shot her, since the Maquisards’ sense of honour permitted her rape²⁸ but not her killing.

　　她不喜欢用徒手杀掉一名德国哨兵的感觉，但她并非冷血无情。同样地，在与她共事的马基队员抓到一名承认自己是名间谍的德国妇女时，她知道必须杀了她。尽管这女人已经被强暴过、折磨过，威克上尉还是命令杀掉她。甚至，人们都不敢相信她后来这个提议：由她亲手干掉她——因为法国抵抗成员的荣誉感使他们只允许自己强暴她，而不允许自己杀掉她。

　　In spite of such horrors, and in spite of such feats³⁰ as bicycling over 500km in under 72 hours to find a radio operator, Captain Wake was having the time of her life. She was still only 26, a woman among 7,000 (mostly) admiring men, carrying out daily acts of derring-do and revelling³¹ in a job she had plainly been born for. Although she lived with the constant possibility of capture, it held no fear for her, and she did not yet know that her husband, rather than betray her, had been arrested by the Gestapo, tortured and killed. Decorations galore—from Britain, France, America and Australia—awaited her, but life would never be as good again.

　　尽管经历着类似的恐怖事件，尽管曾经有过许多惊人壮举，比如为寻找一个收音机操作员72小时内骑车500公里，威克上尉依然享受着女人生命的黄金时光。她毕业是个26岁的年轻女性，军营中的7000男人大多都是她的倾慕者。在这群男人中，每天英勇地执行任务，完全陶醉于这一她天生注定要从事的工作。尽管随时都有可能被捕，她却从不害怕。那时她还不知道，她的丈夫并不是背叛了她，而是被盖世太保抓了起来，折磨致死。战争结束后，各种荣誉从英国、法国、美国和澳大利亚向她涌来，但她生命最美好的时光已一去不返。

1 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

2 convivial   

adj.狂欢的，欢乐的

参考例句：

• The atmosphere was quite convivial.气氛非常轻松愉快。
• I found it odd to imagine a nation of convivial diners surrendering their birthright.我发现很难想象让这样一个喜欢热热闹闹吃饭的民族放弃他们的习惯。

3 averse   

adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的

参考例句：

• I don't smoke cigarettes,but I'm not averse to the occasional cigar.我不吸烟，但我不反对偶尔抽一支雪茄。
• We are averse to such noisy surroundings.我们不喜欢这么吵闹的环境。

4 cocktail   

n.鸡尾酒；餐前开胃小吃；混合物

参考例句：

• We invited some foreign friends for a cocktail party.我们邀请了一些外国朋友参加鸡尾酒会。
• At a cocktail party in Hollywood,I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin.在好莱坞的一次鸡尾酒会上，人家把我介绍给查理·卓别林。

5 interned   

v.拘留，关押( intern的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was interned but,as he was in no way implicated in war crimes,was released. 他曾被拘留过，但因未曾涉嫌战争罪行而被释放了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• These soldiers were interned in a neutral country until the war was over. 这些士兵被拘留在一个中立国，直到战争结束。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

6 infiltrated   

adj.[医]浸润的v.（使）渗透，（指思想）渗入人的心中( infiltrate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The headquarters had been infiltrated by enemy spies. 总部混入了敌方特务。
• Many Chinese idioms have infiltrated into the Japanese language. 许多中国成语浸透到日语中。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

7 redoubtable   

adj.可敬的；可怕的

参考例句：

• He is a redoubtable fighter.他是一位可敬的战士。
• Whose only defense is their will and redoubtable spirit.他们唯一的国防是他们的意志和可怕的精神。

8 industrialist   

n.工业家，实业家

参考例句：

• The industrialist's son was kidnapped.这名实业家的儿子被绑架了。
• Mr.Smith was a wealthy industrialist,but he was not satisfied with life.史密斯先生是位富有的企业家，可他对生活感到不满意。

9 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

10 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

11 inevitably   

adv.不可避免地；必然发生地

参考例句：

• In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去，毫无疑问是会散伙的。
• Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。

12 loyalty   

n.忠诚，忠心

参考例句：

• She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
• His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。

13 flirt   

v.调情，挑逗，调戏；n.调情者，卖俏者

参考例句：

• He used to flirt with every girl he met.过去他总是看到一个姑娘便跟她调情。
• He watched the stranger flirt with his girlfriend and got fighting mad.看着那个陌生人和他女朋友调情，他都要抓狂了。

14 skilful   

(=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的

参考例句：

• The more you practise,the more skilful you'll become.练习的次数越多，熟练的程度越高。
• He's not very skilful with his chopsticks.他用筷子不大熟练。

15 evading   

逃避( evade的现在分词 )； 避开； 回避； 想不出

参考例句：

• Segmentation of a project is one means of evading NEPA. 把某一工程进行分割，是回避《国家环境政策法》的一种手段。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Too many companies, she says, are evading the issue. 她说太多公司都在回避这个问题。

16 scuttle   

v.急赶，疾走，逃避；n.天窗；舷窗

参考例句：

• There was a general scuttle for shelter when the rain began to fall heavily.下大雨了，人们都飞跑着寻找躲雨的地方。
• The scuttle was open,and the good daylight shone in.明朗的亮光从敞开的小窗中照了进来。

17 stereotype   

n.固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框

参考例句：

• He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher.他是我心目中的典型教师。
• There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。

18 vernacular   

adj.地方的，用地方语写成的；n.白话；行话；本国语；动植物的俗名

参考例句：

• The house is built in a vernacular style.这房子按当地的风格建筑。
• The traditional Chinese vernacular architecture is an epitome of Chinese traditional culture.中国传统民居建筑可谓中国传统文化的缩影。

19 Nazis   

n.（德国的）纳粹党员( Nazi的名词复数 )；纳粹主义

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Nazis were responsible for the mass murder of Jews during World War Ⅱ. 纳粹必须为第二次世界大战中对犹太人的大屠杀负责。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 guilt   

n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责

参考例句：

• She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
• Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

21 utterly   

adv.完全地，绝对地

参考例句：

• Utterly devoted to the people,he gave his life in saving his patients.他忠于人民，把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命。
• I was utterly ravished by the way she smiled.她的微笑使我完全陶醉了。

22 imprisoned   

下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was imprisoned for two concurrent terms of 30 months and 18 months. 他被判处30个月和18个月的监禁，合并执行。
• They were imprisoned for possession of drugs. 他们因拥有毒品而被监禁。

23 guts   

v.狼吞虎咽，贪婪地吃，飞碟游戏（比赛双方每组5人，相距15码，互相掷接飞碟）；毁坏（建筑物等）的内部( gut的第三人称单数 )；取出…的内脏n.勇气( gut的名词复数 )；内脏；消化道的下段；肠

参考例句：

• I'll only cook fish if the guts have been removed. 鱼若已收拾干净，我只需烧一下即可。
• Barbara hasn't got the guts to leave her mother. 巴巴拉没有勇气离开她妈妈。 来自《简明英汉词典》

24 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

25 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

26 ambushing   

v.埋伏( ambush的现在分词 )；埋伏着

参考例句：

• The militia succeeded in ambushing the invading enemy soldiers. 民兵们成功地伏击了入侵的敌军。 来自互联网

27 sentry   

n.哨兵，警卫

参考例句：

• They often stood sentry on snowy nights.他们常常在雪夜放哨。
• The sentry challenged anyone approaching the tent.哨兵查问任一接近帐篷的人。

28 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

29 raped   

v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的过去式和过去分词 )；强奸

参考例句：

• A young woman was brutally raped in her own home. 一名年轻女子在自己家中惨遭强暴。 来自辞典例句
• We got stick together, or we will be having our women raped. 我们得团结一致，不然我们的妻女就会遭到蹂躏。 来自辞典例句

30 feats   

功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He used to astound his friends with feats of physical endurance. 过去，他表现出来的惊人耐力常让朋友们大吃一惊。
• His heroic feats made him a legend in his own time. 他的英雄业绩使他成了他那个时代的传奇人物。

31 revelling   

v.作乐( revel的现在分词 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉

参考例句：

• I think he's secretly revelling in all the attention. 我觉得他对于能够引起广泛的注意心里感到飘飘然。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They were drinking and revelling all night. 他们整夜喝酒作乐。 来自《简明英汉词典》