纪录片《饮食变迁》 第16期:人为的造成肠子变大

If you take an organ like the heart,

如果观察心脏你就会发现

which is pumping away to pump the blood around the body,

它是通过跳动来向全身输送血液

it needs a lot of energy, a lot of oxygen delivered to it.

这就需要很多能量和氧气来辅助

If it doesn't get it,

要是不够充足

if it gets starved of oxygen, that can produce a heart attack.

处于缺氧状态 这时就会突发心脏病

We weren't just suffering

我们新形成的饮食结构

the effects of our new diet in our hearts.

岂止会损害到心脏

It was hitting us in the guts², too.

更会损伤内脏

Our bowels³ were exploding.

我们的肠子越胀越大

It seemed that again the reason was man-made.

看来又是人为造成

Modern flour milling techniques

现代面粉制造技术

removed the fibre from our staple⁴ foods.

将主食中的纤维质剔除

Horizon was on hand to explain

地平线栏目已精确剖析过

precisely⁵ what this was doing to our digestive systems.

此举对消化系统的影响

The colon⁶ isn't just a static tube.

结肠并非只是个静压管

It contracts like an earthworm

它像蚯蚓一样

to force the food residue⁷ along.

通过收缩来传输食物残渣

Painter believes that on a low-fibre diet,

佩恩特认为低纤维的饮食

this residue may be stiff like tar¹

会使食物残渣如沥青般僵硬

so that the very high pressures are built up in the colon.

然后施压于结肠

This can cause a blow-out in

于是肠壁会受到严重挤压变形

the wall of the colon, called a diverticulum.

我们称之为憩室

1 tar   

n.柏油，焦油；vt.涂或浇柏油/焦油于

参考例句：

• The roof was covered with tar.屋顶涂抹了一层沥青。
• We use tar to make roads.我们用沥青铺路。

2 guts   

v.狼吞虎咽，贪婪地吃，飞碟游戏（比赛双方每组5人，相距15码，互相掷接飞碟）；毁坏（建筑物等）的内部( gut的第三人称单数 )；取出…的内脏n.勇气( gut的名词复数 )；内脏；消化道的下段；肠

参考例句：

• I'll only cook fish if the guts have been removed. 鱼若已收拾干净，我只需烧一下即可。
• Barbara hasn't got the guts to leave her mother. 巴巴拉没有勇气离开她妈妈。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 bowels   

n.肠，内脏，内部；肠( bowel的名词复数 )；内部，最深处

参考例句：

• Salts is a medicine that causes movements of the bowels. 泻盐是一种促使肠子运动的药物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cabins are in the bowels of the ship. 舱房设在船腹内。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 staple   

n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类

参考例句：

• Tea is the staple crop here.本地产品以茶叶为大宗。
• Potatoes are the staple of their diet.土豆是他们的主要食品。

5 precisely   

adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地

参考例句：

• It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
• The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

6 colon   

n.冒号，结肠，直肠

参考例句：

• Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.这里也是一样，应当在冒号后加破折号。
• The colon is the locus of a large concentration of bacteria.结肠是大浓度的细菌所在地。

7 residue   

n.残余，剩余，残渣

参考例句：

• Mary scraped the residue of food from the plates before putting them under water.玛丽在把盘子放入水之前先刮去上面的食物残渣。
• Pesticide persistence beyond the critical period for control leads to residue problems.农药一旦超过控制的临界期，就会导致残留问题。