考研英语长难句讲解 第90期

 26. Coinciding with the ground breaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist¹ Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.

【分析】简单句。句子主干为 Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory。句首的现在分词短语 Coinciding with...in the 1860s 作伴随状语，其中的过去分词短语 proposed by...1860s 作 theory of biological and cultural evolution 的后置定语。

【译文】在英国博物学家查尔斯·达尔文于19世纪60年代提出开创性的生物净化论的同时，英国社会哲学家郝伯特·斯宾塞也推出了他自己的关于生物和文化进化的理论。

【点拨】1) coincide with 意为“同时发生；符合；与...一致”。2) ground breaking 义同 innovative，指“开创性的”。3)naturalist 除作“自然主义者；自然主义作家（或艺术家）”讲，还有“博物学家”的意思。4) put forward 意为“提出”，同 propose。

【临摹】我惊奇地发现我的生日与约翰的生日碰巧是同一时间。

27. He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest", in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.

【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为 He argued that....that 引导 argued 的宾语从句，其中 he called the "survival of the fittest" 为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰 struggle; which 引导非限定性定语从句，也修饰 struggle。

【译文】他认为，人类进化的特点是他称之为“适者生存”的斗争。在这场战争中，弱小的种族和社会最终将被更强大、更先进的种族和社会所取代。

【点拨】1) be characterized by 意为“以...为特征”。2)eventually“最后，终于”。

【临摹】欧也妮·葛朗台淋漓尽致地体现出守财奴的特点是贪婪。

临摹答案

26. I'm surprised to find that my birthday coincides with john's.

27. As is thoroughly² exposed by Eugenie Grandet, a mister is characterized by greed.

1 naturalist   

n.博物学家(尤指直接观察动植物者)

参考例句：

• He was a printer by trade and naturalist by avocation.他从事印刷业，同时是个博物学爱好者。
• The naturalist told us many stories about birds.博物学家给我们讲述了许多有关鸟儿的故事。

2 thoroughly   

adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地

参考例句：

• The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
• The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。