美国文化脱口秀 第318期:中国美国,疫苗都是个问题

 这两天好多朋友希望我们说说疫苗。今天我们就一起读英语媒体关于事件的报道，也带你了解美国的疫苗问题!

关键词：

China's Vaccine¹ Scandal Widens 中国疫苗事件持续扩散

The Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报报道

Chinese state media said police arrested 37 people in a widening scandal over the alleged² illegal distribution of improperly³ stored vaccines⁴ that has reignited drug-safety concerns in China.

Widening: 扩散

Scandal: 争议、丑闻

Illegal distribution: 非法贩卖、非法销售

Improperly stored: 储存不当

Vaccines: 疫苗

Reignited: 重新引发

中国美国,疫苗都是个问题

“疫苗”英语怎么说？

Vaccine: 疫苗

To vaccinate⁵ your child: 给孩子打疫苗

To immunize: 接种疫苗，但口语里用vaccinate比较多

Mandatory⁶ vaccination⁷: 强制疫苗

To be vaccinated⁸: 已经接种疫苗

在美国，疫苗不仅是公共卫生问题，也是宗教信仰、政治倾向之争

Opponents of vaccines against diseases like measles⁹ site reasons such as converns over the potential harm of vaccines and the parents' right to make their own decisions about the health of their children.

Opponents: 反对者

Measles: 麻疹

Potential harm: 潜在的危害

Parents' right: 父母的权力

美国强制接种吗？

Different states, different laws 不同州，不同立法

The differences stem from varying laws over when exemptions¹⁰ are allowed.

48 states and the District of Columbia allow religious exemptions from vaccines.

20 states allow philosophical¹¹ exemptions.

美国48个州提供基于宗教原因的疫苗豁免权

20个州提供基于哲学思想原因的疫苗豁免权

美国父母可以基于这些原因，申请不给孩子打疫苗。得到豁免后，孩子不接种也可以入学。

由于选择不给孩子接种疫苗父母比例的上升，也引发了一些曾被疫苗杜绝疾病的爆发；例如去年加州的麻疹爆发(measles outbreak)。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

3 improperly   

不正确地，不适当地

参考例句：

• Of course it was acting improperly. 这样做就是不对嘛！
• He is trying to improperly influence a witness. 他在试图误导证人。

4 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

5 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

6 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

7 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

8 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

9 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

10 exemptions   

n.（义务等的）免除( exemption的名词复数 )；免（税）；（收入中的）免税额

参考例句：

• The exemptions for interpretive rules, policy statements, and procedural rules have just been discussed. 有关解释性规则、政策说明和程序规则的免责我们刚刚讨论过。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• A: The regulation outlines specific exemptions for some WPM. 答：该规定概述了某些木质包装材料的特定的例外情形。 来自互联网

11 philosophical   

adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的

参考例句：

• The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
• She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。