美国文化脱口秀 第405期:原来美国人这么过万圣节

 　　这个周末，已经有很多万圣节活动了；不过，其实今天才是万圣节！这到底是个什么节日？它在美国的地位又如何？美国人怎么庆祝万圣节？Jenny, Spencer今天跟你聊一聊！

　　关键词：

　　Halloween basics 万圣节基本信息

　　Halloween: 万圣节

　　When 到底哪一天？

　　October 31st every year: 每年10月31日

　　The date is always the same, unlike many other American holidays such as Thanksgiving which change dates: 万圣节是固定的10月31日，不像有些美国节日，如感恩节，不是固定的日期

　　It has to do ghosts in the beginning. But it's a big party now: 起源和鬼怪有关，但现在就是一个轻松、好玩儿的大派对

　　Spooky: 诡异的

　　小朋友喜欢万圣节的理由：

　　Dress up in fun costumes: 穿好玩儿的道具服

　　Stuff your face with candy: 猛吃糖

　　Terrorize the neighborhood: 在小区恶作剧

　　A no-pressure holiday 没压力的节日

　　Halloween is a fun holiday for both kids and adults: 万圣节对孩子、大人来说，都很好玩儿

　　It's not so serious or sacred: 不是那么严肃、神圣

　　It's a no-pressure holiday: 是个没有压力的节日

　　Think of it as a big party: 基本上就是一个大派对

　　Costume categories 装扮流派

　　Different costume categories: 道具服、装扮的几个大类

　　Boys often dress up as superheroes:小男孩儿最爱超级英雄，如超人、蜘蛛侠

　　Or monsters, goblins, ghouls: 或者打扮成小魔鬼、小怪兽

　　Little girls often dress up as princesses or witches: 小女孩儿最喜欢打扮成小公主或者小女巫

　　You can either go for the dark side or the bright side: 装扮可以选择黑暗形象或者正面形象

　　Creative, funny, topical 创意、搞笑、热点

　　For adults, dressing¹ up as superheros or monsters is too old, been there, done that: 对大人来说，打扮成超级英雄、或者鬼怪已经没有创意了

　　Tons of people will dress up as Trump² and Hillary this year: 今年，当然最流行打扮成特朗普、希拉里 （特别是大人打扮，会走这种路线）

　　You can go for the creative and surprise factor: 可以走创意、意想不到的路线

　　People in the news are often inspiration for costumes: 新闻人物通常是很多人的灵感来源

　　There's also a lot of crossdressing: 也可以男扮女装、女扮男装

　　For example, women dress up as Trump, men dress up as Hillary: 比如女的打扮成特朗普、男的打扮成希拉里

　　上面的希拉里和比尔克林顿其实是水果姐Katy Perry和精灵王子Orlando Bloom扮的。

　　Creative Halloween costumes 再来些创意万圣节装扮

　　Themed costume parties on Halloween: 还有主题装扮派对，去的人一定要打扮成和主题相关的样子。比如美剧主题、还有上图这种美食主题，把自己打扮成甜甜圈、肯德基、酱油

　　Trick or Treat 万圣节讨糖

　　Kids love trick-or-treating: 小朋友最喜欢“不给糖，就捣蛋”了

　　Kids dress up in a costume and knock on neighbor's doors: 穿上万圣节道具服，挨家挨户敲门讨糖

　　Kids will say “Trick or treat!” to ask for candy: 小朋友会大声说“Trick or Treat!"

　　A treat is a candy: “treat"这里指的就是糖果

　　If you don't give out candy, kids might play a trick on you: 如果你不给糖，小朋友也许会搞个恶作剧

　　融入北美社区，准备好糖果、积极参与万圣节

　　Fitting in: get your candy ready, have fun on Halloween!

　　万圣节家家户户都会准备好糖果，等待小朋友敲门。

　　如果你没有准备糖果，小朋友们会很失望，其他邻居也会觉得你不合群。

　　Why trick or treat? 为什么要讨糖？

　　Halloween is very commercialized：万圣节是非常商业化的节日

　　Candy manufacturers make so much money on Halloween. They put a lot of marketing³ dollar behind it: 讨糖就是糖果、巧克力生产商想出来的点子，每年万圣节都会投入大笔市场费用、然后大赚一笔

　　Costume manufacturers too: 道具服商家也一样

　　原来美国人这么过万圣节

　　Fun with pumpkins⁵ 南瓜新玩法

　　Jack-o-lantern: 万圣节南瓜灯

　　Pick pumpkins in a pumpkin⁴ patch: 去南瓜地买南瓜

　　Carve them into jack-o'-lanterns: 雕刻成南瓜灯

　　It's just a fun tradition: 很好玩儿的传统

　　Trump and Hillary jack-o-lanterns: 特朗普、希拉里南瓜灯

　　够胆量？去鬼屋 Haunted house tours

　　Haunted house: 鬼屋，注意不叫 “ghost house”

　　If a ghost lives somewhere, that place is haunted: haunted的意思就是闹鬼的

　　I went to New Orleans one year during Halloween, and they claimed to be the most haunted city in America: 有一年万圣节我正好在新奥尔良，那里号称是美国最诡异的城市

　　I joined a haunted house tour where a guide took us to some really old spots at night， but I didn't find it scary: 我参加了一个当地的鬼屋团，但也没觉得很可拍

　　Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗？

　　Perhaps ghosts exist in a different dimension: 也许它们生存在另一个维度

　　怀旧万圣节 Older Halloween traditions

　　万圣节如今已经非常商业化，Spencer不禁怀念起儿时简单、淳朴的万圣节：

　　There's a game called Bobbing for Apples: 我小时候，会玩儿一个咬苹果的游戏

　　You put apples in a bucket of water: 把一堆苹果放在水桶里

　　Compete against each other to see how many apples they can bob for using just their teeth: 只能用牙咬出来，不能用手拿

　　It doesn't sound safe, and it's not that commonly played now: 现在回想起来，真不太安全，怪不得现在玩儿的人也不多了

　　You can also go on a hay ride: 小时候也有万圣节稻草拖拉机游车

　　They put a bunch of hay on a big tractor and you ride around on the farm: 在拖拉机上放一大堆稻草，小朋友坐在上面游车河

　　Halloween in China 万圣节在中国

　　Halloween wasn't celebrated at all in China a few year ago: 前几年在中国，没人过万圣节

　　But now in Shanghai, Halloween is everywhere: 但现在在上海，万圣节也随处可见

　　Even convenience stores sell Halloween-themed items: 便利店都有万圣节的东西

　　Lots of preschools will throw parties for the kids: 很多幼儿园还有万圣节活动

　　It's all commercialized: 都是商业化的套路

1 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

4 pumpkin   

n.南瓜

参考例句：

• They ate turkey and pumpkin pie.他们吃了火鸡和南瓜馅饼。
• It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin!看起来就像南瓜里有人在看着你！

5 pumpkins   

n.南瓜( pumpkin的名词复数 )；南瓜的果肉，南瓜囊

参考例句：

• I like white gourds, but not pumpkins. 我喜欢吃冬瓜，但不喜欢吃南瓜。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put lights inside. 然后在南瓜上刻出一张脸，并把瓜挖空。 来自英语晨读30分（高三）